With the rapid development of modern techniques, large amount of foreign films and TV programs have been brought into China in recent years。 More and more audiences began to express great interest in foreign TV series and movies。 It is a modern trend to watch them in China。 So great importance has been gained in subtitle translation。 However, on account of its lack of guiding regulations, there are mostly low-qualified versions。 Therefore, there is necessary for researchers to conduct a research on subtitle translation。 After practicing a lot of movies, writer has discovered functional equivalence is very useful during the translation。 On accordance to Nida, the demand of functional equivalence is target audiences can understand and enjoy programs clearly and correctly as original readers do。 This dissertation’s focus is about analyzing functional equivalence on subtitle translation of Reign and finding out what translation methods it used。 The author states that functional equivalence can be accepted to lead subtitle translation although some limitations。 Moreover, it is important for subtitle translators to understand culture and habits of the target audience so that the subtitle translation will be a success。

2。 Literature Review

2。1 An overview on functional equivalence

     Eugene A。 Nida is an unusual name which people in Translation researching area or even linguistic area are extremely familiar with。 His transnational theory was brought into our country after the Cultural Revolution finished。 In Nida’s theories, he first defines Dynamic equivalence。 “Dynamic equivalence is therefore to be defined in terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language。” (Nida 69) In order to avoid misleading the public and offer them a defined meaning, Nida replaced DE to FE。 In his works The Theory and Practice of Translation (1982)。 In the lasting years, large quantities of studies in linguistic field and translation field have also been made by Nida。 During Nida’s research, he related translation and linguistics with each other very well。 He states equivalence can be achieved in translation。 That means one language can be transferred into another。 Things that translators should do are to discover equivalent words of the original ones。 Referring to equivalence, as far as he concerned, two equivalences are mentioned。 One is formal equivalence。 The other is named into functional equivalence。 Functional equivalence emphasizes equivalence in function while formal equivalence pays much attention to form。 Therefore, translation functions should be more vital rather than translation forms。 Lately, Nida states some essential requirements for achieving source language’s equivalence。 Three essential requirements are nature, equivalence and close。 The first one is nature。 It refers to translations should be readable and understandable for target readers。 Target readers know nothing about versions after reading translation。 It would be a great failure for translators。 Next one is equivalence。 It refers to translators should guarantee both content equivalence and style equivalence。 Close means translators should do some preparations to get a version closed to the source language。 Functional equivalence emphasizes receptors’ response important when judging translation。 Nida regards the best version makes target readers’ response probably the same as original readers’ ones。 Although there don’t have two similar things in the world。 Equivalence should be reached by this theory。 Since Nida identifies receptors’ responses is the most important thing in judging the version’s quality。 Three steps can be put forward in translation process。 These steps are analysis, transfer and restructuring。 First one, analysis, is said to analyze language’s surface structure。 For example, translators need to analyze meanings of the words, grammatical relationships and words’ combinations。 Things they should do are to transfer analyzed versions from one language to another。 Restructuring is an action to make target messages completely accepted by readers。 For one aim, functional equivalence is a tool for translator to make receptors’ response and original receptors’ response to be same。 At the same time, lasting and distributive contributions are made by functional equivalence。 From the view of microscopy, it turns down the old traditional thoughts and supplies a new perspective for translation study。 It installs new thoughts and theories in translation, laying a huge foundation for modern translation。 Then, as a microscopical view, it deals with long-dispute over literal translation and free translation。 There are wrong to insist on one and object to the other。 Functional equivalence gets rid of the conflict between them。 Each coin has two sides。 This theory has so many fruits。 However, it is no more than prefect。 Cultural differences come to the first。 Religion and values result in the thoughts between original receptors and target receptors different。 Take write as an example, it embodies some absolute bad things in China as that symbolizes the purity in Western countries。 Second is lexical gap and semantic zero between two languages。 In one single circumstance, it is impossible for them--translators to achieve complete equivalence in translated text。 The third one is the unavoidable personal problems inside translators。 The fourth disadvantage is that translators pay emphasis on readers’ response。 This disadvantage demands translators pick up the closed and natural source languages。 On the one side, it can make source messages understandable。 On the other side, this action loses the chance to spread foreign culture and their spirits。文献综述  从功能对等视角看《女王心计》的字幕翻译(2):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_90347.html