摘要：铁路道口是铁路和公路的交合处，道口安全问题的好坏直接影响到人们的生命和财产安全。每年都会发生很多起由平交道口引起的交通事故，造成了大量的人员伤亡和经济损失。因此，有必要设计一种高可靠性的道口报警装置。道口是铁路安全运输问题的重点和薄弱点。本课题针对我国铁路平交道口的现状，利用单片机技术开发了平交道口来车自动报警系统，采用了可靠性高、价位低、普及程度高、利于基层技术人员掌握学习的89C51作为控制芯片，利用了轨道传感器采集回来的车轮信息，准确地将来车信息通知道口值守人员及过往行人，大大减少了事故发生的隐患。针对系统工作环境的恶劣和工作的特殊性，在系统硬件设计过程中，重点突出了系统运行的可靠性、设备的坚固程度，在软件的编制上也采取了有力的抗干扰措施，因此，本系统的研究与设计具有重要的社会意义以及推广价值。。　29138
关键字：运输安全；铁路平交道口；单片机
Crossing warning controller design
Intercourse at a railway crossing railways and roads , good or bad crossing safety issues directly affect people's lives and property safety. Many traffic accidents occur every year caused by the level crossing , resulting in a large number of casualties and economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to design a highly reliable crossing warning devices. Crossing is the weak point of focus and railway transportation safety issues . The topic for the status quo of China's railway level crossing , the use of chip technology developed to drive automatic level crossing warning system that uses a high- reliability , low price, high penetration , conducive to learning basic technical personnel to master as a control 89C51 chip, use of sensors to collect back wheel track information, future vehicle information accurately inform the crossing duty officers and passers-by , greatly reducing the risk of accidents . And work for the poor working conditions of the special nature of the system , the system hardware design process, highlights the reliability of the system is running , the device 's ruggedness on the preparation of the software has also taken a strong anti-jamming measures , therefore , the Research and design of the system has important social meaning and promotional value.
Keywords:transportation safety; railway level crossings; microcontroller
1 绪论    4
1.1 问题的提出    4
1.2 设计的目的及意义    4
1.3 国内外研究现状    5
1.4设计任务和要求    5
1.5 工作原理    6
2 课题的设计思想    7
3 硬件设计原理说明        9                
3.1传感器的选用    12
3.1.1传感器的选择    13
3.1.2传感器检测道口状况的方法。    13
3.2信号处理电路的设计    13
3.3系统主电路的设计    15
    3.3.1信号输入与输出    16
   3.4语音报警功能的设计    17
3.4.1 ISD1420芯片介绍    17
3.4.2语音报警电路    18
3.5键盘输入及数码显示电路    21
    3.5.1键盘输入电路    21
    3.5.2数码显示电路    21
3.6打印接口的设计    22
3.7电源电路设计    25
3.8硬件抗干扰设计    25
3.8.1系统抗干扰性及可靠性设计原则    25
    3.8.2系统干扰源分析以及硬件抗干扰措施    26 51单片机道口预警控制器的设计:http://www.youerw.com/zidonghua/lunwen_11796.html