摘要：超级电容器是一种新的储电仪器，相对于传统电容器而言，它的使用周期较长、 具有快速充放电的功能。此外，其价格低廉，不污染环境等优点受到大家的强烈欢迎。 金属氧化物由于其所特有的赝电容特性在作为超级电容器材料越来越受到关注。本课题 采用水热法分别制备了氢氧化镍及氧化镍复合三氧化钼两种体系电极材料，采用 XRD 对产物的结构组成进行分析，用 SEM 观察了产物的形貌，用循环伏安及恒流充放电对 其电化学性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：Ni(OH)2/MoO3 体系获得片状及多面体状形貌 的产物，循环伏安时可以得到 pH=6.5 的曲线面积最大，恒流充放电时，pH=6.5 的比电 容能够达到 312F/g。NiO/MoO3 体系中控制水热时间，温度及 pH 可以得到不同形貌的产 物，选取 pH=2.0，180℃，24hr 的样品进行电化学测试，得到它的比电容以及不同速率 时的循环伏安比较图。66307

毕业论文关键词：水热法；Ni(OH)2；NiO；MoO3；制备

The Electrode Materials of Supercapacitor Prepared by Simple Hydrothermal Method

Abstract: Supercapacitor is a new kind of energy storage device. Compared with traditional capacitor, supercapacitor has long service life and fast charging and discharging function. In addition, its low price, no pollution and other advantages, by everyone's strong welcome. The super capacitor electrode material is an important factor affecting the performance, therefore, does not affect the environment, using cheap materials to prepare composite a new electrode material is the most important to improve the performance of super capacitor step. Supercapacitors have three types of electrode materials: metal oxides, carbon based materials, and composites. Secondly, the preparation method of electrode material, the product after hydrothermal reaction omits the calcination, which can be directly converted into oxide, which can reduce the impurity of the product during calcination. Nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide used in the experiment were prepared with sodium molybdate composite, temperature and time to adjust the different pH and the hydrothermal reaction, the products obtained by scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphology of the samples; analysis of the

diffraction patterns by X ray diffraction, phase analysis; test the electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge. Compare and analyze the results.

KeyWords: hydrothermal method；Ni(OH)2；NiO；MoO3； prepare

目 录

1 文献综述 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 超级电容器的介绍及工作原理 1

1.2.1 超级电容器 1

1.2.2 超级电容器的分类 2

1.2.3 超级电容器的工作原理 2

1.3 电容器电极材料种类 4

1.3.1 碳基材料 4

1.3.2 金属氧化物 4

1.3.3 导电聚合物 4

1.4 金属氧化物作为电极材料的开发情况 5

1.4.1 氧化钌 5

1.4.2 氧化锰 5

1.4.3 氢氧化镍 5

1.4.4 氧化钼 5

1.5 复合电极材料 6

1.6 水热法介绍 6

1.7 本文的选题意义 6

2 实验部分