摘要汽车、航天以及机械电子领域都会遇到各式各样的阶梯形件零件，因此阶梯 件多次拉深成形技术广泛用于生产实际，它的实质是将零件拉深成形的总变形量 进行分配，每一次拉深完成零件的一部分变形，最后制成所需的零件。由于阶梯 特征的存在，因此阶梯件多次拉深成形技术具有其特殊的成形特点和变形规律。80613

本文采用有限元数值模拟分析的方法，对阶梯件多次拉深成形技术进行了深 入的研究。首先，分析了阶梯件多次拉深的成形机理和变形特点，探讨了零件在 拉深过程中易出现的缺陷及相应的预防措施。其次，完成了对成形零件的工艺方 案设计和工艺参数计算；继而根据弹塑性有限元法的基本原理，建立了弹塑性模 型，利用有限元数值模拟软件 DYNAFORM，对阶梯件的多次拉深过程进行数值 模拟。最后，在此基础上分析了在拉深成形过程中不同的凸、凹模圆角半径、压 边力、摩擦系数以及是否设有拉延筋对冲压效果的影响，通过分析这些工艺参数 与成形工件的最大变薄率和最大增厚率的关系，获得阶梯件多次拉深的最优方 案。

毕业论文关键词：阶梯件；多次拉深；数值模拟；DYNAFORM；有限元模型

Abstract There are many ladder parts with step in the fields of automotive, aeronautics and astronautics, machinery and electronics, Therefore, Multi-stage deep drawing process of ladder parts is widely used in a variety of industrial fields, which is the total amount of deformation is pided several parts, and formed sequentially  in several deep drawing steps。 The technology of multi-stage deep drawing process of ladder parts have special deformation law and deformation process because of the characteristics of ladder。

This article adopts the method of finite element numerical simulation analysis for ladder parts many times carried on the thorough study of deep drawing technology。 Firstly, The deformation characteristics and the forming mechanism of ladder parts in the deep drawing process is analyzed, the defects of process and the measures of corresponding preventive is discussed。 Secondly, The forming parts of process plan is designed and the parameters of it are calculated。 Then the elastoplastic model with the finite element numerical simulation software DYNAFORM is established on the basis of the basic principle of elastic-plasitic finite element method to  proceed  the numerical simulation process of ladder parts。 Based on the above work, The law of multi-stage deep drawing of ladder parts by playing a lot of numerical simulation of different technical parameters and material is studied, such as punch and die corner profile, the friction of die, punch and binder surface, the blank-holder force and whether set the drawbead, and the optimal scheme of deep drawing of ladder parts is gotten in the end。

Key words: Stepped part; Multiple drawing; numerical simulation; DYNAFOR Finite element model。

目 录

第 1 章 绪 论 1

1。1 研究背景 1

1。2 有限元模拟在拉深成形中的应用 2

1。3 选题意义和研究内容 4

第 2 章 阶梯件拉深成形理论分析 6

2。1 拉深的成形机理及变形特点 6

2。1。1 锥形件的拉深 7

2。1。2 圆筒形件的拉深 8

2。2。3 阶梯件拉深 9

2。2 阶梯件拉深成形常见缺陷及影响因素