摘要随着社会的不断的发展，科学技术不断的进步，制造业技术也不断的发展 与优化。随着中国的人口红利的日渐消失，制造业也面临着十分严峻的挑战，已 经严重的阻碍了中国经济的发展，所以必须由劳动密集型产业向高端制造业转 变。在传统的镦粗锻造业中，长轴杆件的镦粗过程中，高径比大于 3 的锻件会失 稳而发生弯曲，这一问题困扰着许多企业，十分影响企业的生产效率。

本文就是为了解决大高径比长轴杆件在镦粗过程中发生失稳而弯曲变形这 一问题而制定相关的模具设计方案，以此来提高企业的生产效率。本次方案设计 主要原理是通过模具的设计来控制长轴杆件镦粗部分的高径比小于 3，在进行镦 粗挤压成形，从而得到零件。在模具的设计过程中先后使用了 UG、CAD 和 DEFORM 等软件，先是用 UG 和 CAD 进行模具零件的绘制，在利用 DEFORM 对零件成型过程 进行模拟，在对结果进行分析来了解模具的受力情况，以及坯料的变形情况，并 以此为依据在对模具尺寸、结构等进行改善，来满足整体的方案要求。通过这样 的一个方案流程满足企业对于大高径比长轴杆件镦粗锻造要求，并且通过上述的 软件使用可以大大的缩减模具设计的周期，极大地提高了生产效率，降低了生产 成本。82324

毕业论文关键词：长轴杆件；大高径比；失稳；模具设计；有限元模拟

Abstract With the continuous development of society, the continuous progress of science and technology, manufacturing technology is also constantly development and optimization。 With the disappearing of China's demographic pidend, manufacturing industry also faces serious challenges, has seriously hindered the development of China's economy, so must the labor intensive industries to high-end manufacturing industry to change。 In the traditional forging industry, the high diameter ratio is larger than 3 forging will be unstable and bending, which is a problem that puzzles many enterprises, and it affects the production efficiency of the enterprise。

This paper is to solve the problem of the large height diameter ratio of the long shaft in the rough process of the pier bending deformation and the development of relevant mold design, in order to improve the efficiency of production。 The design principle of this scheme is to control the height to diameter ratio of the rough part of the long shaft rod by the design of the mould。 The height to diameter ratio is less  than

3。 In the process of mould design has used the UG, CAD and deform software, first with UG and CAD to the mold parts of the rendering, in using deform was used to simulate the process of molding parts, in the results were analyzed to understand the mold force, as well as the blank deformation, and taking the opportunity on the basis of the improvement of the die size and structure to meet the requirements of the overall plan。 Through such a process meet the enterprise for large height to diameter than the long axis of the rod upsetting forging requirements, and through the software can greatly reduce the mold design cycle, greatly improve the production efficiency, reduce the production cost

Key words: long shaft member, Large height to diameter ratio, Instability, mould design, Finite element simulation

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 镦粗及经典镦粗工艺理论简述 1

1。2 镦粗模具的现状及发展方向 1

1。3 长轴类杆件的研究 2

1。4 UG 的概要以及在镦粗模具计算机辅助设计方面的应用 3

1。4。1 UG 概要