摘要：近年来，我国的生鲜农产品的产量迅速增长，每年约有4亿吨生鲜农产品进入流通领域。然而，生鲜农产品在流通过程中损耗严重，仅水果、蔬菜等农产品在运输、储存等物流环节上损失率就达25%~30%，每年约有1.3亿吨的蔬菜和1200万吨的果品在运输中损失。加强生鲜农产品冷链物流建设和提高物流效率已成为亟需要解决的问题。冷链物流信息化程度低成为生鲜农产品冷链物流发展的阻碍。在生鲜农产品冷链物流中采纳物联网技术可实现位置跟踪以及运输、仓储、流通加工等环节的信息化作业，加强生鲜农产品冷链物流各环节的沟通，提高冷链效率。采纳物联网技术在缩短生鲜农产品流通时间的同时必然影响批发商、零售商的相关流通主体物流决策，如生鲜农产品批发价格、零售商订货量和农产品零售价格等。因此，需要量化分析生鲜农产品冷链物流中采纳物联网技术成本对这些决策的影响以及批发商与零售商分担物联网采纳成本的占比对整个生鲜农产品冷链物流决策的影响。

基于此，本论文以成本收益视角研究生鲜农产品冷链物流中采纳物联网技术的物流决策优化问题。本文的主要创新点为：

（1）运用解析模型刻画了采纳物联网技术成本与生鲜农产品冷链物流中的农产品批发价格、零售价格、订货量以及批发商、零售商和整个冷链物流的成本与收益之间的数学关系；通过算例分析，证明了实践中采纳物联网技术的有效性。

（2）采用数值分析的方法分析批发商与零售商分担物联网采纳成本的占比，对生鲜农产品冷链物流中的农产品批发价格、零售价格、订货量以及批发商、零售商的平均成本与收益、整个冷链物流的总收益的影响；得出使整个生鲜农产品冷链物流的总收益最大时批发商与零售商分担物联网采纳成本的最优占比。

本论文的研究不仅为批发商和零售商提供物流决策的科学依据，还为生鲜农产品冷链企业投资物联网技术提供理论依据，对提高整个生鲜农产品冷链物流的效率具有重要的应用价值。

关键词：生鲜农产品；冷链物流成本与收益；物联网；解析模型

Decision optimization for cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products under the perspective of cost-benefit

Abstract：In recent years, the production of fresh agricultural products (FAPs) in our country has been increasing rapidly, and about 400 million tons of fresh produce per year are in circulation. However, FAPs are badly depleted in circulation. The loss rates of fruits, vegetables and other agricultural products in transportation, storage and other logistics are around 25% ~ 30%. About 130 million tons of vegetables and 12 million tons of fruit are lost in transportation each year. Strengthening the construction of cold chain logistics and improving logistics efficiency have become a knotty problem that needs to be solved. The low level of information of FAPs is the bottleneck of restricting the development of cold chain logistics of FAPs. The Internet of Things used in the cold chain of FAPs can achieve the status of FAPs, and strengthen the information technology operations of transportation, warehousing, circulation and other aspects to improve the cold chain efficiency. However, the adoption of the Internet of Things in the cold chain logistics of FAPs can reduce the circulation time while affecting the decisions of wholesalers and retailers, such as the wholesale price, order quantity and retail price et al. Therefore, there is a need to study the affection of cost of the Internet of Things on the above decisions and the ratio of the wholesalers sharing the cost of adopting the Internet of Things.

This paper studied the decision-making optimization in the cold chain logistics of FAPs from the perspective of the cost-benefit. The major innovations of this paper are as follows: