摘要为了对烟火用单基药(NC)及其混合物的热危险性有初步了解，利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对NC、NC/钛(Ti)、NC/Ti/高氯酸钾(KClO4)和NC/Ti/高氯酸铵(NH4ClO4)四种样品的热分解行为进行测试，得到样品的起始分解温度、峰值温度以及放热量等数据。通过Kissinger法、Ozawa法和Šatava-Šetsák法分别计算活化能、指前因子、机理函数等动力学参数，并以此为基础分析样品的热危险性。此外，还利用获得的DSC数据预估了四种样品的传爆性。结果表明：当添加的还原剂相同时，添加的不同氧化剂类型会影响NC的热分解情况。氧化剂KClO4的加入使得NC的起始分解温度、活化能和指前因子都明显变小，增大了药剂的热危险性；氧化剂NH4ClO4的加入使得NC的放热量减小，降低了药剂的热危险性。另外，添加不同氧化剂和还原剂都会影响药剂的反应机理。选取10℃/min升温速率下的样品数据进行传爆性分析，NC、NC/Ti和NC/Ti/KClO4样品具有传爆性；NC/Ti/NH4ClO4样品不具有传爆性。63641

毕业论文关键词  烟火用单基药  DSC  热危险性

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title   Thermal decomposition analysis of single base propellant and its mixtures by DSC

Abstract

In order to have a preliminary understanding of the thermal risk of single base propellant for pyrotechnics and its mixtures, some typical samples were tested by DSC, such as single base propellant(NC), NC/titanium(NC/Ti), NC/titanium/potassium perchlorate(NC/Ti/KClO4), and NC/titanium/ammonium perchlorate(NC/Ti/NH4ClO4). The onset temperature of thermal decomposition, the peak temperature and the heat release were obtained from the DSC curves. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, the pre-exponential factor and the mechanism function were calculated out by Kissinger method, Ozawa method, and Šatava-Šesták method. Based on DSC data, the thermal hazard was evaluated. The results indicate that the adding of potassium perchlorate catalyzes the reaction and makes the thermal hazard increase, while ammonium perchlorate reduces the heat release and decrease the thermal hazard. In addition, the mechanism function changes by adding different oxidants and reductants. The DSC data under the heating rate of 10℃/min was used to predict the propagation of explosion of these four samples. The results indicate that NC, NC/Ti and NC/Ti/KClO4 have explosive properties while NC/Ti/NH4ClO4 has no explosive properties.

Keywords  Single base propellant for pyrotechnics  DSC  Thermal hazard

1  绪论 1

1.1  课题背景及意义 1

1.2  国内外研究现状 2

1.3  本论文的工作 3

2  差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及动力学分析方法简介 4

2.1  DSC结构和原理简介 4

2.2  DSC动力学分析方法简介 5

2.3  本章小结 10

3  单基药及其混合物的DSC研究 11

3.1  DSC实验条件与结果 11

3.2  实验数据分析 12

3.3  动力学计算和分析 15

3.4  本章小结 17

4  样品的热危险性分析 18

4.1  起始分解温度 18

4.2  放热量