摘要：针对乳化油废水的处理问题，本文采用了凹土基微滤膜分离废水中的乳化油，考察操作条件对凹土基微滤膜分离效果的影响。实验结果表明，操作条件不同，凹土基微滤膜的稳定通量也不同。在一定范围内，凹土基微滤膜的渗透通量会随着跨膜压差和膜面流速的增大而增大，但是当压力和流速超过一定范围时，通量反而会降低。当跨膜压差为0.2 MPa及膜面流速为3 m/s时，凹土基微滤膜的稳定渗透通量最大。随着过滤实验的进行，凹土基微滤膜的膜孔被油滴颗粒堵塞，通量下降，膜污染严重，单纯用去离子水冲洗并不能使膜通量恢复，采用0.01 mol/L的NaOH溶液清洗，清洗后膜通量可以恢复到原来的70%左右。66141

毕业论文关键词 ： 凹土，微滤膜，乳化油，膜污染

Abstract:Membrane separation processes have become an emerging technology for the treatment of oily waste water due to high oil removal efficiency and relatively facile operational process. Hence, attapulgite microfiltration membrane was used to treat oily waste water and the effects of operating parameters on the membrane performance were investigated. The results showed that the steady the permeate flux will be multitudinous with different operating parameters. Within a certain range, the increasing of  the trans-membrane pressure and cross-flow velocity will improve the stable flux. Under the following operation condition: cross-flow velocity of 3 m/s, trans-membrane pressure of 0.2 MPa, the attapulgite microfiltration membrane has the better stable flux. However, oil droplets stick easily on membrane surface resulting in serious membrane fouling weakening the membrane’s separation performance. The fouled membrane can be satisfactorily regenerated using water rinsing and 0.01 mol/L NaOH cleaning for 40 min. The membrane water flux recovery rate was about 70%. 

Keyword: attapulgite, microfiltration membrane, emulsified oil, membrane cleaning

目   录

1 引言 4

1.1乳化油废水的现状 4

1.1.1 废油的分类 4

1.1.2 乳化油的处理方法 4

1.1.3 乳化油的排放标准 5

1.2 凹凸棒石 5

1.2.1 凹凸棒石的结构 5

1.2.2 凹凸棒石的特性 5

1.2.3 凹凸棒石的用途 6

1.3 膜分离技术 6

1.3.1 膜分离的分类 6

1.3.2 微滤膜的特性 7

1.3.3 微滤膜技术的应用 7

1.4 膜污染及清洗 7

1.4.1 膜污染对膜通量的影响 7

1.4.2 膜的清洗方式 9

2 实验部分 9

2.1 实验试剂和仪器 9

2.2 膜分离实验的工艺流程图 10

2.3 实验操作 10

2.3.1 凹土基微滤膜制备 10

2.3.2 乳化油的制备 10

2.3.3 工艺参数的选择 10

2.4 实验测试和分析方法 10

2.4.1 膜渗透通量的测定 11

2.4.2 COD的测量