摘要随着当前社会的飞速发展以及城市热岛效应的加剧，导致空调、制冷机等制冷设备的大量使用，这给生产、生活带来不便的同时，还消耗了大量能源、恶化了我国本就严峻的能源局面，并加剧了温室效应。为解决这一问题，研发出一种高效的反射隔热材料，并把它运用到生产生活中，进而达到改善环境、节省能源、提高安全性等目的，可能是一种不错的选择。

实验过程中采用溶胶凝胶法制备ZnAl2O4材料，并用Mn2+、Co2+、N分别进行掺杂得到样品，随后采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、热分析仪（TG-DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM)、分光光度计（UV-vis-NIR photometer)、红外热像仪等对样品进行晶体结构、形貌、颜色特性以及反射隔热性能等方面的表征。77148

实验结果表明：1。ZnAl2O4材料的最佳煅烧温度为700℃，Mn2+的掺杂并未改变其面心立方的尖晶石结构，且粒径也没有发生明显的变化，空间群为Fd3m(311)，所得到的粒子分布均匀、排布紧密，形貌大致为球形。2。Mn2+、N对ZnAl2O4的共同掺杂也不会改变ZnAl2O4的面心立方的尖晶石结构特性，但掺杂后的粒子粒径与掺杂前相比却出现了相对明显的变大。3。Mn2+的掺杂不利于样品反射率，随着其掺杂量的增加，样品反射率是逐渐下降的；N的掺杂能够极大地改善ZnAl2O4材料的反射率，对于绝大部分波段，其反射率都保持在60%以上。4。以实验得到的样品以及某种传统隔热反射材料为填料，制备出厚度大约为150μm的不同涂层，并用自行设计的实验装置对各涂料进行热性能方面的测试。实验结果表明，有效的涂料能够极大地降低内部空间的温度，达到保温隔热的作用。且其中Mn2+、N共同掺杂ZnAl2O4材料得到的样品隔热反射性能最好，甚至要优于作为对照的传统隔热反射材料。

综上所述，本文所合成的ZnAl2O4：Mn2+/N样品具有不错的隔热反射性能，在未来反射涂料的发展和应用上面可能具有一定参考和研究价值。

毕业论文关键词：溶胶凝胶法，铝酸盐，掺杂，近红外反射

 The preparations of aluminate spinel and the researches on their thermal performances

Abstract

Nowadays, with the rapid development of the society and the aggravation of urban heat island effect, which lead to the use of air conditioning, refrigerator, etc, bring inconvenience to the production and living at the same time, also consume a lot of energy。 These all have worsened the severe energy situation in our country, and intensify the greenhouse effect。 To solve this problem, the development of a kind of effective reflection heat insulation material, and apply it to the production and living,  to improve the environment, save energy and improve security, may be a good choice。

In this experiment,Mn2+、Co2+ and N ions doped ZnAl2O4 have been synthesized using a Sol-Gel method, and the properties of the samples have also been examined。 The X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD),thermal analyzer (TG–DSC),scanning electronic microscope(SEM),spectrophotometer(UV-vis-NIR photometer),colorimeter and thermal infrared imager are used to describe the crystal structure, surface morphology, particle size, color characteristic, and the reflective insulation performance of the prepared samples。

The results show that: 1。The XRD of ZnAl2O4 material sintering at different temperature, shows that 700℃ is the best temperature to obtain  ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles ,the doping of Mn2+ does not change the crystal structure of the ZnAl2O4  substrate material, and particle sizes also haven’t obvious change, the space group is Fd3m(311), the images of the samples reveal that all particles are of uniformly distributed diameters exhibit a compact arrangement and spherical shapes。2。The common doping of Mn2+、N also do not change the crystal structure of the ZnAl2O4  substrate material, but the size of the doped particles have appeared relatively obvious larger than before。3。 The doping of Mn2+ is not conducive to sample’s reflectivity, with the increase of doping amount, the sample’s reflectivity has a gradual decline; the doping of N can greatly improve the reflectivity of ZnAl2O4 ,for most of the band, the reflectance are all remain above 60%。4。The synthesized powders and a kind of traditional pigment are used as filler in the coatings, and then coated on the aluminum plates, with a thickness of 150μm,finally with the self-designed experimental device to test the thermal performances of these coatings。 The results show that the useful coatings can greatly decline the temperature of inside, to reach the role of heat preservation and heat insulation。 Moreover, the sample with common doping of  Mn2+、N has the best heat reflection performance, even better than the traditional paint as a control。