摘要：自21世纪以来，随着我国经济建设的飞速发展，海洋为中国经济的可持续发展提供了广阔的空间。大洋之下蕴藏着丰富的矿产和油气资源，随着陆地资源不断走向匮乏，人类将目光投向深蓝。深海资源的开发与利用是当今海洋开发的新热点，对深海进行科学考察是对其开发利用的前提。深海科学考察的载体——载人潜水器，自然成为世界各国争相研发的重要课题。载人潜水器能够搭载科研人员走向大洋深处，近距离的进行深海研究。它可以完成多种复杂的工作任务，包括通过照相和录影的方式对海底资源进行勘察、执行水下设备定点布放的任务、海底管线的安装检测等。2012年国家提出了“海洋强国”战略，我国科学家为走向深蓝开展了多项载人潜水器的设计研究。

本文通过对大深度工作的载人潜水器设计研究，利用ANSYS有限元分析软件中静强度分析和非线性屈曲分析模块，展开了对载人潜水器耐压壳体的结构设计和强度分析。首先，本文参照国内外先进壳体设计方法和制造工艺，确定了耐压壳体的尺寸、材料、结构形式、安全系数和最佳设计流程。其次，按照CCS《潜水系统与潜水器建造与入级规范》校核耐压壳体厚度，并根据初步设计尺寸计算得出其重量排水量。然后，本文着重进行了多种开孔结构的设计，通过运用ANSYS静力学分析模块，对耐压壳体进行强度分析。最后，通过非线性屈曲分析方法计算耐压壳体的稳定性。

本文主要研究重点有以下三个方面:

(1)提出了多种开孔加强的设计方法，如侧壁加强、垫板加强、肘板加强以及梯形加强;

(2)对各种开孔加强方式的非线性屈曲分析，得出开孔强度与稳定性数值，经过分析比较得出最佳的开孔设计方案;

(3)通过CCS规范校核得出结论——采用梯形加强方式能够有效减少应力集中，使应力在结构上分布更加均匀，确保了耐压壳体结构的强度与稳定性。

关键词：耐压壳体；结构设计；开孔加强；强度分析；稳定性分析。

Abstract

Since twenty-first Century, with the rapid development of Chinese economic construction, the ocean has provided a wide space for the sustainable development of Chinese economy. Under the ocean, there are rich in mineral resources, oil resources and gas resources. When land resources continue to be scarce, people turn their attention to dark blue. The exploitation and utilization of deep-sea resources has become a new hot spot. Exploring the ocean is a prerequisite for its development, utilization and conservation. Manned submersible, the carrier of deep-sea scientific investigation has become an important topic for all countries to study and develop. Manned submersibles can carry scientific researchers deep into the ocean and conduct deep-sea research at close range. It can complete a variety of complex tasks, including using photography and video recording of submarine resources, the implementation of underwater equipment, fixed-point deployment tasks, installation and testing of submarine pipelines. In 2012, the state put forward the strategy of "maritime power", and our scientists carried out the design research of manned submersible for the dark blue.

In this paper, on the basis of the research and design work of great depth manned submersible, using finite element analysis software ANSYS for static strength analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis module to design the structure and analysis the strength of pressure shell in the manned submersible. First of all, referring to the advanced design method and manufacturing process of manned submersible at home and abroad, the size, material, structural form, safety factor and optimum design flow of the pressure hull are determined. Secondly, according to CCS "ping system and submarine construction and entry level", check the thickness of the pressure hull, and calculate the weight displacement according to the preliminary design size. Then, this paper focuses on the design of the opening structure of a variety of pressure hull, and determines the design of the opening of the hatch, bow, stern and observation window. Then, the strength analysis of the pressure hull is done by using the ANSYS static analysis module. Finally, by comparing the linear buckling analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis of two kinds of finite element analysis method in the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of hull stability, select the nonlinear buckling analysis method to calculate the stability of pressure shell.