摘要作为船舶的核心部件之一，船用螺旋桨价格昂贵，而且技术要求高。目前，螺旋桨的切削加工已由普通机床转变为数控机床。本文针对一种船用螺旋桨的龙门式数控加工中心进行了设计，包括电动机的选型、导轨的选型计算、检测装置的选择、进给系统驱动方式的设计等。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS完成了对龙门式数控加工中心的有限元建模和静力分析、模态分析、瞬态动力学响应分析及热分析等，得到了机床的静、动态特性及应力和温度的分布。以横梁和滑枕等重要的结构为研究对象进行了分析，校核了其刚度和强度，并对应力、热场分布及结构的固有频率等方面进行了分析，通过这些工作找到了其中存在的问题进行了优化设计。通过优化横梁的加强筋，提高了机床的性能，保证了机床的加工精度。49892

毕业论文关键词：龙门加工中心；有限元分析；横梁；滑枕；结构优化

ABSTRACT As one of the core components of the ship, marine propellers are expensive and technically demanding. Currently, the propeller cutting machine has been converted into ordinary CNC machine tools. This article is directed to a marine propeller gantry CNC machining center has been designed, including motor selection, sizing guide, detection device selection, feeding system driven approach design. By finite element analysis software ANSYS completed gantry CNC machining center finite element modeling and static analysis, modal analysis, transient dynamic response analysis and thermal analysis, to get the machine's static and dynamic characteristics, and stress and temperature distribution. And the ram beams and other important structures were analyzed for the study by checking its stiffness and strength. The stress and heat distribution and the natural frequency of the structure have been analyzed, through the presence of which these found the problem has been optimized. The machine's performance and machining accuracy have been mproved by optimizing the beam stiffener.

KEYWORDS: Gantry machining center，Finite Element Analysis，Beam，Ram，Structural optimization

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1.1 选题的目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状及存在问题 1

1.2.1 国外研究现状 1

1.2.2 国内研究现状 2

1.2.3 存在问题 3

第二章  机床设计 4

2.1 机床主电机的选择 4

2.1.1 机床主轴电机的主要要求 4

2.1.2 对各类电机性能及调速系统的分析比较 4

2.1.3 计算选择 6

2.2 机床导轨设计 8

2.1.1 机床导轨概述 8

2.2.2 数控机床导轨应满足的基本要求 9

2.2.3 数控机床常用的滑动导轨 9

2.2.4 滑动导轨的设计计算 10

2.3 机床进给系统驱动设计 12

2.3.1 直线电动机的优缺点分析 12

2.3.2 直线电机的选型计算 13

2.4 机床检测装置的选择 14

2.5 关于横梁应注意的几个问题 17

2.5.1 横梁本身平衡问题