摘要：本文是对硝化反应釜做简单的设计，对设计方法和理论依据进行了简要说明。设计内容主要包括以下几个方面：反应釜釜体的设计，反应釜夹套的设计，反应釜传动装置的设计、搅拌装置的设计、以及轴封装置的设计，还有一些例如人孔、视镜等其他部件的设计。主要是通过以上几个部分的设计确定其筒体，封头等壁厚，长度的大小，然后进行相应的强度校核，以保证设计设备的使用安全，以及通过查阅标准选型对其他装置的选型，其中应考虑到反应釜筒体内，和夹套中温度、压力、介质的影响。尤其注意硝化反应是强放热反应，其具有放热量大,反应速率快,反应易发生失控,硝化产物多易燃易爆的特性,控制不好会引起爆炸。因此在选型时应确保人员、设备的安全，并综合经济条件，方案的可行性完善反应釜的设计选型。此外用混酸硝化时为了尽快地移去反应热以保持适宜的反应温度,除利用夹套冷却外,还在釜内安装冷却盘管，本文也利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对盘管的工艺条件进行了数值模拟。70598

毕业论文关键词：硝化反应釜；盘管；结构优化；数值模拟

Design of nitration reactor and optimization of coil structure

Abstract：This paper is a simple design of the nitrification reactor, the design method and theoretical basis for a brief description. The design mainly includes the following aspects: the design of the reactor kettle body, the design of the reactor jacket, the design of the reactor drive device, the design of the mixing device, and the design of the shaft seal device, as well as some Mirror and other components of the design. Mainly through the above several parts of the design to determine its cylinder, head and other wall thickness, length of the size, and then the appropriate strength check to ensure the safety of the design of equipment, and by selecting the standard selection of other devices Type, which should take into account the reactor cylinder, and the jacket in the temperature, pressure, medium impact. In particular, attention to nitrification reaction is a strong exothermic reaction, which has a large heat release, the reaction rate is fast, the reaction prone to out of control, nitrification products more flammable and explosive characteristics, poor control will cause an explosion. Therefore, in the selection should ensure that personnel, equipment, safety, and comprehensive economic conditions, the feasibility of the program to improve the design of the reactor selection. In addition to the use of mixed acid nitrification in order to remove the reaction heat as soon as possible to maintain the appropriate reaction temperature, in addition to the use of jacket cooling, but also installed in the kettle cooling coil, this paper also uses the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT on the coil process conditions Numerical simulation.

Key Words：Nitration reactor；coil；Structure optimization；numerical simulation

目 录

绪 论 1

1 罐体与夹套的设计 2

  1.1 罐体与夹套的结构设计 2

  1.2 罐体几何尺寸计算 2

    1.2.1 装料量与全容积 2

    1.2.2 确定筒体长径比 2

    1.2.3 确定筒体内径 3

    1.2.4 确定封头尺寸 3

    1.2.5 确定筒体高度H1 4

  1.3 夹套几何尺寸计算 4

    1.3.1 确定夹套直径