摘 要白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz)作为浙江省道地药材—“浙八味”之一,其主要取自白术植株,然后将其根茎晾干而成。然而,近几年以来,随着化学农药的不合理使用从而造成的农药污染和药品残留超标,以及引发病菌的耐药性等问题,使得白术病害问题日益突出,对药材的安全生产及食用者的健康都造成重大隐患。因此,如何正确识别白术植物病原菌,如何进行无害化治理,提高药材的安全卫生质量,以达到最佳药理品质,是当前白术病害防治研究工作的重点。该项研究共采集了5株具有发病现象的白术植株,在通过对其的初步观察后发现白术植株叶尖出现枯黄收缩、叶片上方有着斑点并呈深褐色显示。经病原菌分离纯化,结合形态学分析及ITS-PCR技术完成鉴定工作。经分离纯化共得到致病菌8株,分属6个种,包括链格孢菌(Alternaria sp。)、木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、绿色木霉菌(Hypocrea virens)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)、多变根毛菌(Rhizomucor variabilis)。研究发现部分能引起白术病害的真菌尚未见相关报道。综上所述,该项研究的目的就是为了在理论的层次上为进一步减轻白术病害做依据。90132
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is one of the eight famous herbs called as "Zhe ba wei" in Zhejiang province。 it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,antiinflammatory,antitumor and so on.However, in recent years, the problems of plant diseases of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz has become increasingly prominent。 Unreasonable use of chemical fungicides and pesticides caused pollution, residue and resistance problems。 This will be a major hidden danger for production of genuine medicinal in Zhejiang and even food health。 Therefore, how to correctly identify the medicinal plant pathogens, how to carry out the harmless treatment, and improve the safety quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz to achieve the best quality of pharmacology, is the current focus of prevention and control of medicinal plant disease。 This study collected 5 plants withered, dark brown spotting symptoms of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz plants。 Pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified by morphological analysis and ITS-PCR technology。 8 fungal strains were isolated。 And 6 species of fungi were identified, including Alternaria sp。, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, Hypocrea virens, Penicillium oxalicum, and Rhizomucor variabilis。 And this is a brand new discover。 This work provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of the disease of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz。
毕业论文关键字: 白术;真菌病害;病原真菌;分离;鉴定
Keyword: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; fungal disease; pathogenic fungi; isolation; identification
目 录
摘要 1
1 引言 4
2 白术致病真菌的分离与鉴定 5
2。1 材料与方法 5
2。1。1 供试材料 5
2。1。2 病原菌的分离鉴定 7
2。1。2。1 病原菌的分离与纯化 7
2。1。2。2 病原菌的形态鉴定 7
2。1。2。3 病原菌的分子鉴定 8
2。1。2。3。1 病原菌DNA提取和检验 8
2。1。2。3。2 PCR扩增和分析测序