摘 要：水稻是我国南方主要粮食作物，每一年都会有大量秸秆废物产生。直接燃烧不仅污染环境，还浪费资源。作为一种可再生的生物质能源，秸秆由半纤维素、纤维素及木质素构成，但因木质素是高分子聚合物，纤维素又被木质素和半纤维素以共价键形式包裹，不易被降解。如果将水稻等原料不经任何方式处理直接投入厌氧发酵制沼气，由于其难降解性，水解酸化阶段难以维持，严重影响发酵周期，并且很难被应用及推广。本试验本着怎样解决本问题为目的，在查阅大量资料的基础上，以南方产量最大的水稻秸秆为原料，选用生物预处理手段对其进行预处理后厌氧发酵。研究不同生物菌剂对稻秆预处理后厌氧发酵的产气效果的影响，找出提高厌氧发酵的产气率的方法，为偏远农村地区户用沼气提供技术支持与帮助。93200

本试验选取3种生物处理剂：乳酸菌（Lactic acid bacteria）、酵母菌（Saccharomyces）以及里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）对水稻秸秆进行预处理，3天后进行厌氧发酵。以实验室往期发酵底物为接种物，同时设置一组空白对照试验组，比较秸秆的产气规律、甲烷含量、CO2质量分数、pH值以及挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的含量来阐述水稻秸秆厌氧发酵的产气情况。结果表明：经过乳酸菌处理后，秸秆总产气量为5967mL，平均甲烷含量为31。7%；经过酵母菌处理后，秸秆总产气量为4638mL，平均甲烷含量为30。6%；经过木霉处理组后的产气量为9320mL，平均甲烷含量为43。1%；较空白对照组（总产气量为877mL，平均甲烷含量为16。7%）均有较大提高。经过生物预处理后的秸秆比未经预处理的秸秆产气量高，而在乳酸菌、酵母菌以及里氏木霉三种菌剂中，里氏木霉产气效果最好。

毕业论文关键词：生物预处理，水稻秸秆，厌氧发酵，沼气，生物质

Abstract: Rice is the main grain crop in the south of China, and every year there will be a lot of straw waste。 Direct burning not only pollutes the environment, but also a waste of resources。 As a renewable biomass energy, straw from hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin composition, but because lignin is a high molecular polymer, cellulose and lignin and hemicellulose in the form of covalent bond, Not easily degraded。 If the raw materials such as rice without any way directly into the anaerobic fermentation of biogas, due to its difficult degradation, hydrolysis and acidification stage is difficult to maintain, seriously affect the fermentation cycle, and difficult to be applied and promoted。 On the basis of consulting a large amount of data, this experiment takes the rice straw with the largest yield in the south as the raw material, and uses the biological pretreatment method to pretreat the anaerobic fermentation。 The effects of different biological agents on the gas production of anaerobic fermentation after rice straw pretreatment were studied。 The method of improving the gas production rate of anaerobic fermentation was found out, and the technical support and help were provided for the biogas in remote rural areas。

In this experiment, three kinds of biological treatment agents: Lactic acid bacteria (Lactic acid bacteria), yeast (Saccharomyces) and Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei) pretreatment of rice straw, 3 days after the anaerobic fermentation。 The contents of the straw, the content of methane, the mass fraction of CO2, the pH value and the content of volatile fatty acid (VFA) were compared with those of the control group。 The results showed that the straw straw Anaerobic fermentation of gas production。 The results showed that the total methane production was 5967mL and the average methane content was 31。7% after treated with lactic acid bacteria。 After the yeast treatment, the total straw production rate was 4638mL and the average methane content was 30。6%。 After the treatment with Trichoderma spp。 The average methane content was 43。1%, which was higher than that of the blank control group (total gas production was 877mL, average methane content was 16。7%)。 After the biological pretreatment of the straw than the pretreatment of the straw gas production is high, and in lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Trichoderma reesei three kinds of agents, Trichoderma reesei gas production effect is the best。