摘要生物入侵是全球性的重大生态学和环境问题之一。互花米草作为我国沿海及河口滩涂著名的入侵植物,对土著生物多样性产生了深远的影响。线虫是评价湿地生态系统健康的重要指示生物之一,对线虫进行多样性、功能群分析可很好指示当地生态系统过程和功能的变化。本研究以外来入侵种互花米草和自由生活线虫为研究对象,在我国沿海5个海岸带湿地生态系统,比较互花米草群落和典型土著植物群落中自由生活线虫的物种组成、群落结构和功能特性。经研究,共发现底栖线虫66属,隶属7目40科;互花米草入侵不会改变红树林底栖线虫的密度,但可能导致芦苇盐沼中线虫密度增加;互花米草群落与红树林植被的线虫食性组成较为相似与芦苇差异甚大;此外,互花米草入侵不会影响线虫的物种多样性,但会降低线虫的功能多样性。高纬度的土著植物群落中线虫的属丰富度和香农指数均显著低于低纬度地区,但互花米草中不存纬度差异,说明互花米草入侵将会减弱物种多样性在纬度上的差异。75275
Biological invasion is one of the major ecological and environmental problems in the world。 Spartina alterniflora as coast and estuary of the famous invasive plants, had a profound impact on native biopersity。 Nematode is one of the important indicators for evaluating the health of ecological wetland ecosystem。 The persity and functional group analysis of nematodes can be a good indicator of the changes in the local ecosystem。 In this study, we select the Invasive Species (S。 alterniflora) and free-living nematodes as research object to compare species composition ,community and functional characteristics of free living nematodes in which come from S。 alterniflora community and typical native plant communities in the five coastal wetland ecosystem in the coastal area of China。We found a total 66 nematode genera belonging to 40 families, 7 orders; the nematode density would not change when the invasion of Spartina alterniflora in mangrove but may result in increased nematode density of reed marsh; Compared the feeding habits on nematodes in S。 alterniflora and mangrove ,we found it was similar but reed varies greatly。 In addition, Spartina alterniflora invasion will not affect the persity of native plants, but reduced soil biological persity function。 The species richness and Shannon index of nematode communities of the indigenous plant in the high latitude region are significantly lower than those in the lower latitudes, but those of Spartina alterniflora are not 。This shows that Spartina alterniflora invasion will be weakened the difference in latitude of species persity。
毕业论文关键词:互花米草;盐沼;红树林:自由生活线虫;功能多样性:纬度
Keyword: Spartina alterniflora:salt marshal:free-living nematode:functional persity:latitude
目 录
摘要··1
目录··2
1引言 3
1。1互花米草的生物学特性及其入侵后果 ·3
1。2线虫的指示作用··4
1。3课题研究目的、思路及拟解决的问题··4
2材料与方法 4
2。1采样点布设4
2。2采样方案··4
2。3线虫的计数与分离5
2。4线虫形态学鉴定··5
2。5数据处理 ·5
3结果分析 ··6
3。1线虫数量、组成和多样性6
3。2线虫功能多样性和营养类群组成11
3。3线虫的群落结构··12
4讨论 13
参考文献·14
致谢··15
1引言
1。1互花米草的生物学特性及其入侵后果
随着经济文化的发展,全球化脚步逐渐加快,外来物种的入侵速度不断加剧。外来物种的成功入侵,往往能直接或间接地对入侵地的原有物种产生一定影响,从而改变当地的物种多样性,进而改变生态系统的结构和功能,打破原有的生态系统平衡,对环境、经济文化发展等造成严重的威胁,成为公共安全事业发展的巨大隐患[1]。鉴于生物入侵会造成生态系统巨大的波动、严重影响社会经济的发展等后果,生物入侵这一问题得到各国政府、国际组织、社会公众和科学界的广泛重视,已成为全球性的重大生态学和环境问题之一[2]。