摘 要本文通过确定动物行为的成本与收益，求得最优策略的优化模型，来解决一些动物由于 资源问题产生的争斗问题。本文以懦夫的博弈为例，介绍了双策略博弈，从而引出鹰鸽博弈模型，并且探究其中的进化稳定策略，得出当使用鹰策略的个体在群体中比率为 h (2t v) /(2t i) 时，存在一个 混合的进化稳定策略。通过鹰鸽博弈这一简单的动物冲突模型，展开描述以秃头鹰捕食为例 的动物行为中的其他双策略博弈。88223

对鹰鸽博弈模型进一步的展开探究，增加了一个“资本家”策略，将其变成一个多策略 模型，找出其中最优的进化稳定策略。并且证明了“资本家”策略是一个纯的进化稳定策略。

随后，将博弈论应用于非洲野象的行为预测上，详细分析了雄性大象的交配策略。通过 建立预测模型，查阅资料得知其收益与成本，计算得出其最优进化稳定策略。根据模型，本 文预测高等级公象只在雨季进入狂暴期，低等级的公象只在每年旱季进入狂暴期。本文预测 结果与科学家的观察结果一致，表明本文模型可行。

最后，将进化博弈模型拓展应用到证券投资方面，得出结论：若理性投资者和噪声投资

者之间的数量比例趋于 2(V L) (V 3L) 时，则证券市场处于一个进化稳定均衡。

By determining the costs and benefits of animal behavior, we calculated the optimization models of the optimal policy and solved problems of some animal fight because of the resource problems in this paper。

In this paper, we used the coward game as an example to describe the duopoly

strategy game, which leaded to the hawk-dove game model。 At the same time, we explored  the  evolutionary  stable  strategy。  When  the  ratio  of  using  the hawk

policy was  h (2t v) /(2t i ) , there was a mixed evolutionarily stable strategy。

We took the bald eagle for example to explore other duopoly strategy game in animal behavior。

On the hawk-dove game model further exploration, it added a "bourgeois" policy, turning it into a multi-policy model, found out the optimal evolutionarily stable strategy, and proved that the "bourgeois" policy was a pure evolutionarily stable strategy。源-于,优W尔Y论L文.网wwW.youeRw.com 原文+QQ75201,8766

Then, we used the game theory to predict the behavior of African elephants, and made a detailed analysis of the male elephant mating strategy。 By establishing a forecasting model, and searching the information about their costs and benefits, we calculated the optimal evolutionary stable strategy。 According to the model, we predicted that the high-grade elephants only got musth only during the wet-season, and the low-grade elephants did only during the dry-season。 Then it showed that the prediction was consistent with the scientist’s observation。 That meant the model was feasible。

Finally, the model of the evolutionary game theory is extended to the securities investment。There comes to conclusion: if the proportion of the rational  investors

and noise investors tends to evolutionarily stable strategy。

2(V L)

(V 3L)

,the  securities   market   is  in

关键词：博弈论； 懦夫博弈； 鹰鸽博弈

Keyword: game theory; chicken game; hawk-dove game

目 录

1。 引言 1

1。1 博弈论 1

1。2 进化博弈论 1

1。3 进化稳定策略