4。4 Creative Translation 12

V。 Conclusion 13

Bibliography 15

Acknowledgements 16

I。 Introduction

With the improvement of people’s living standards in China, people spend more time and money meeting their mental enjoyment。 One of the most popular consumer spending is watching movies。 Of course, due to the process of globalization, a growing number people not only watch domestic films, but also watch foreign films, especially English films。 At present, the translation of English films is booming, film titles as an indispensable part of films is the window of a movie。论文网

    As a matter of fact, a good film title not only reflects the contents and genres of a film, but also arouses audience’s imagination and curiosity to watch movies, which play an important role in achieving film’s commercial value。 While it is quite common to find that one English film title has several translated versions, which can give rise to a mess in the translation of English film titles in the Chinese film market。 Consequently, it is a quite necessary and meaningful for us to analyze the English film titles translation。 Chapter one gives a brief introduction of the background, significance and current study of film title translation。 The second chapter is mainly about the introduction of skopos theory, including its development, main points and its influence on the film translation。 The third chapter introduces the English movies' classification, genre, characteristics of the English film titles, and three principles under the guidance of Skopos theory, namely，the skopos rule, coherence rule, fidelity rule。 The fourth chapter is the core part of the article, and this part points out some skills and strategies of English film titles translation through a lot of examples。 The fifth Chapter is a conclusion。 I will give a summary about my study, including influence of the skopos theory and some advice for further study in this part。

II。 Basic Ideas of Skopostheorie

2。1 Development of the Skopos Theory

    Skopos theory, originally written as skopostheorie in German, is a major translation approach of German Functionalist school。 “Skopos ” means “purpose” or “goal” in Greek。 The Skopos Theory suggests that the purpose of translation determines the process and means of translation。 The translation methods and strategies used by the translator are determined by the translation purpose of the target text。 In the late 1970s and early 1980s Reiss and Vermeer first put forward such a point of view。 In 1971, Reiss published a book entitled Possibilities and Limitations in translation criticism, in which she for the first time touched on the idea of Functionalist theory。 She believes that the process of translation generally consists of two steps, on the one hand, the translator must be faithful to the original works in some degree。 On the other hand, translators need to take a adjustment according to  the target audience's culture。 And she thinks it is more important to adjust the original work according to the needs and expectations of the target audience。 Afterwords, Hans Vermeer, a student of Reiss, broke away from the equivalence-based theories and set up the theoretical framework for “Functional school”: skopos Theory。 He believes that translation is a kind of human activity, and process of translation is an intentional act of human being in the special situation。 And that is why he called it the purpose of the theory。 Based on Vereer’s theory, Justra Holz Manttari and Christiance Nord further developed it。 Manttari’s theory is based on the principles of action theory and in his opinions, translation can be defined as a complex behavior for the purpose of achieving a particular purpose。 One of the most important factors that determine the purpose of translation is the target audience, and their expectations and communicative needs determine the purpose of translation。 The weakness of skopos theory at this stage is that it lacks a moral principles to guide the translation activity。 Later on, Nord, a German professor in translation, added the “loyalty principle” to perfect this theory。 Up till stage, there are altogether three guiding rules for translation activity in Functionalist Skopos Theory, namely, Skopos Rule, Coherence Rule, and Fidelity Rule。 There is no denying the fact that the four people have great contribution to the development of translation theory and practice。文献综述