毕飞宇《玉米》英译本中乡土语言翻译策略研究(3)
Howard Goldblatt and his wife sylvia, Li-chun Lin translate the title of Bi Feiyu's book into Three Sisters。 The couple is called “dream team”who can combine Chinese and Western elements together by translation。 Howard Goldblatt once talked about the cooperation model of them: “Lin Lijun first roughly makes a framework, then I start to translate, referring to the original context。 And after the translation, I finalize, then she checks。 If time permits, we will do something else, putting the manuscript aside, after which, we come back and read it again in a whole new way。 We invariably retranslate it, then finalize"。 Not only can this model avoid misunderstanding and confusion caused by language and cultural differences, but also can convey the original meaning by means of standard British English。 It is his application of translation strategies of translating some folk language that attracts our attention。 He applies the translation strategies flexibly and creatively。 At the same time, he also takes the acceptance of readers into consideration。
1。2 Translation and the“Going-out”Project of Chinese Culture
The project of Chinese culture’s “Going-out” has gone through a development of 14 years。 In spite of the Chinese culture's greater influence in the world year by year, compared with the strong growth in the Chinese economic and trade areas, our nation’s performance in cultural area is not optimistic, making the road of Chinese culture’s “going-out” full of twists and turns。 From the literary point of view, although Chinese literature has never stopped its steps of trying to spread abroad in recent years, for example, the nation also adopts a series of policies to support the translation of outstanding literary works, the process of Chinese literature’s “going-out” hasn’t achieved essential development and breakthrough so far。 Exploring the reason of this phenomenon, it is easy to find that, to a great extent, translation is a major restricted factor for Chinese literature's “going-out”。 And under the cultural turn of translation studies, the function of translation is not limited to the interlingual transformation, it becomes the main way of intercultural communication。 Thus, paying attention to the acceptance of contemporary literary works with Chinese characteristics in overseas will become a breakthrough point in inspecting the situation, utility and future of Chinese culture’s going-out。
For a long time, Chinese culture’s “going-out” and the function of translation can not be separated from each other。 And the history of the Chinese culture spreading abroad, to a large extent, is the history of translation。 Reviewing the process of the new Chinese literature spreading overseas, it could be found that the government once organized the translation of Chinese literature。 The establishment of the magazine: Chinese literature was the first step to go abroad, then the English version of which was published in 1951 and the French version was published in 1964。 In 1980s, Mr。 Yang Xianyi presided over the translation of Panda Books, and then a series of Panda Books came out, becoming a way in which Chinese literature goes out。 Panda Books published 107 kinds of books, and major books of them are in English and French, while a few are in Japanese and German。 These books include 6 classical literary works such as Book of Songs, Li Sao, and Strange Tales from Liaozhai。 Furthermore, Panda Books also referred to the translation of Lu Xun's Alblum, women writers’ and other hundreds of contemporary writers’ and poets’ works。 Chinese Literature represents the highest standard of literary translation at that time in China, playing an important role in spreading the Chinese literature to the world。
Since the twenty-first Century, exposed to the impact of the popular trend of literary works’ publishment, on the one hand, Chinese translators of foreign literature learn from the previous experience。 Meanwhile, the government takes the leading role, and the famous universities preside over the translation conference。 So, these three aspects explore together in order to find a new approach to accelerate the step of Chinese literature’s “going-out”, and the government organize the translators to translate the excellent contemporary works, and then publish them。 On the other hand, the translation of literary works still relies on the overseas sinologists。 For example, after the Chinese Literature published Mo yan's Transplant Carrots, it then drawed the attention of sinologists。 And just because of the impetus of the Howard Goldblatt, Mo yan's works began to be translated to the world gradually, creating the possibilities for him to achieve the Nobel Prize。 Furthermore, with Chinese contemporary economy rising continuously, Chinese literature and culture also wins much more attention from the west。 There are many contemporary writers such as Mo yan, Bi Feiyu, Yu hua, Han Shaogong。 Their works are translated and then go to the world by cooperating with the foreign press and research institutes。
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