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摘要厄内斯特.海明威(1899-1961)是美国著名作家，也是“迷惘的一代”的代言人，他被公认为是二十世纪全世界最重要和最杰出的作家之一。在海明威的所有作品中，《老人与海》可谓是最著名的一部。他凭借了该小说获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖，小说主人公桑提亚哥也成为文学史上著名的“硬汉”形象。在该小说中，海明威讲述了老人桑提亚哥与大马林鱼之间生死搏斗的情形，从而揭示了“一个人可以被毁灭但不可以被打败”的绝佳勇气和精神境界。其“硬汉”形象又叫“准则英雄”体现在“重压之下的优雅风度”，即在困难面前不低头，在压力下面不弯腰的处世原则。《老人与海》中的老渔民桑提亚哥体现了海明威大力推崇的在失败中保持尊严从而取得精神胜利的生活准则，即在勇气和忍耐方面都有自己的准则。本文通过《老人与海》这部作品来解析海明威的“准则英雄”及其时代内涵。25097
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毕业论文关键词：迷惘的一代；老人与海；桑提亚哥；硬汉；准则英雄
Abstract
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), a famous writer who is the spokesman of “the Lost Generation”, is considered as one of the most important and outstanding writer of the 20th century. Among his books, the old Man and the Sea is the most famous one. The novel made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize in 1954.And the main character—Santiago becomes the typical “tough guy” in the literature. In this novel, Hemingway tells us the life-and-death battle between the old man Santiago and the giant marlin, which reveals the extreme courage and spirit “A man can be destroyed but not defeated”. Its image “tough guy” is also called “Code Hero” which is embodied in “grace under pressure”, that is, the principles of life that one doesn’t bend before difficulties and doesn’t bend under the pressure. In the Old Man and the Sea, the old fisherman Santiago embodies Hemingway’s principles of life that one maintains dignity in failure thus gaining a moral victory, namely, one has his own principles in courage and endurance. In this paper, an interpretation of the Hemingway Code Hero and its epoch connotation is made from the old Man and the Sea.
Key words: the Lost Generation; the Old Man and the Sea; Santiago; tough guy; code hero
An Interpretation of the Hemingway Code Hero Exampled by the Old Man and the Sea
Contents
摘要
Abstract
I. Introduction
II. Hemingway Code Hero
2.1 Definition
2.2 Social Background
2.3 Hemingway’s Life Experience
2.4 Grace under Pressure
2.5 A Man can be destroyed but not defeated
III. Causes of the Discontinuance of Hemingway Code Hero in Modern China
3.1 Educational Mode
3.2 Corruption
IV. The Applicability of Hemingway Code Hero to China Today
4.1 To the Inpidual
4.2 To the Chinese Nation
V. Conclusion
Bibliography
I. Introduction
The Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899-July2, 1961), who was one of the most famous American modern novelists in the 20th century and the winner of Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 by his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea in 1952.The work tells us such a story: an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his battle with a great marlin. After eighty-four days of not catching even a fish, Santiago did not give up. Eventually he caught a giant marlin, killed it with much struggle and tied it to the boat. But on his way home, he met giant sharks and suffered the life-and-death battle. At last there was only the bald backbone of the fish left.
In the novel, Hemingway creates a hero who shows the world the author’s lifelong belief in “grace under pressure”. For this, many critics have tried to decode it from different perspectives, one of which is the world outlook that is reflected on “tough guy” or “Code Hero”. It is also known to all that “A man can be destroyed but not defeated” is the essence of “Code Hero” which is an optimistic world outlook and the aesthetic faith in life. Therefore, the significance of “Code Hero” is obvious.