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摘 要简•奥斯丁是英国文学史上第一位重要的女作家。她的作品以描写女性意识和女性问题为主。《爱玛》是她的一部典型的关于女性意识的作品。女主人公爱玛代表了新一代自信、独立、乐观、自由的女性形象。她的思想、言行等鲜明地反映了她的女性意识。本文从作者自身的女性观点、女性主义叙事文学的相关理论及女主人公的自我意识体现三个方面来深入分析女主人公爱玛的女性意识,进而深化对小说主题意蕴的理解。25098
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毕业论文关键词：爱玛；女性主义意识；女性主义叙事文学
Abstract Jane Austen was the first important woman writer in English literature. The feminine consciousness and women’s problems are mainly described in her works. Her masterpiece, Emma, was a typical one. The heroine, Emma represented a new generation of female image-confidence, independence, optimistic and freedom. her mind and behavior obviously reflected her feminine consciousness. The pape, from the author’s own feminist ideas, the related feminist narratology theory and the reflection of the heroine’s self-consciousness analyzed the heroine’s feminine consciousness and thus deepened the understanding of the feminist theme of Emma.
Key words: Emma; feminine consciousness; feminist narratology
Analysis on the Heroine’s Feminine Consciousness of Emma
I. Introduction
Emma is singled out to be one of Jane Austen’s most successful works. In this story, the heroine, Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever and rich (Lin 3), was the leader of a wealthy family in the village of Highbury. She own refused marriage but was quite passionate matchmaker to others. She was determined to find a gentleman husband for her protégé, Harriet, but finally ended up with failure. Harriet confessed to Emma her love for Mr. Knightley and her belief in his ardent love for her. Not until then did Emma realize her own deep love for Mr. Knightley.
At the beginning of 20th century feminism broke out, which aroused women’s feminine consciousness greatly. Later in 1970s feminism criticism focused on feminine consciousness to construct their literary criticism. Nowadays, more and more feminists use feminine consciousness to examine the past and current situation in feminine literature. For example, some thought feminist literature should center on female and women writer’s works. Others believe that it should concentrate on women’s experience without considering men’s standard. Although people’s opinions are different in levels and terms, they all emphasize feminine consciousness and regard it as the foundation.
Emma, is a typical work about feminine consciousness. The paper attempts to analyze the heroine’s feminine consciousness from three parts. A work, to some extent, can reflect the author’s thoughts and opinions. So the paper firstly introduces Austen’s opinions on women’s intellectual power and women’s role in the society. In the second part, the paper focuses on the three elements of narratology, namely, the narrator’s relationship to his or her story, voice, irony to describe the heroine. In the third part, the paper gives a specific analysis to the heroine’s obvious feminine consciousness from her own self-awareness, judgment, authority and marriage.
II. Jane Austen’s Feminist Ideas
Jane Austen, born on December 16, 1775, lived during the time when women were nothing but objects or men’s accessories. The right of getting education, working outside, choosing marriage would not never belong to women. The only thing that they could do was staying at home to take care of their husbands and children. In literally world, women writers were also in a difficult condition, just as Lanser says, “ by the 1790s learned women in Europe were being satirized as intellectually inferior, politically dangerous, and morally weak” (Lanser 65). But the bad situation couldn’t prevent women writers from creating continually. They struggled for expressing their own concerns and thoughts in tactful manners. Jane Austen wasn’t exception. Almost every work written by Austen implied her criticism to community where she lived and expressed her attitude to intelligence, marriage, right and status.