2。 Literature Review

     D。H。 Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers is a famous novel。 At home and abroad, there are many studies on it。 Some theses base on feminism。 In Liu Sha’s thesis The Study of Feminism in Sons and Lovers, she tells us women were the victims in patriarchal society in Sons and Lovers (Liu 56)。 Be aware of the patriarchal pressure, Mrs。 Morel wanted to be independent。 Once she turned emotions to Paul, her major consciousness started to die out。 She had a tragic ending (Liu 57)。 Cui Gengsheng’s On Feminism in the Relationships of Sons and Lovers also refers to feminism。 Women characters in Sons and Lovers, major or minor, shadow the impact of feminism on Lawrence。 It is quite easy to find the particularities of “New Woman” sparkling constantly in Clara, even in Miriam and Mrs。 Morel, etc (Cui 59)。 Zhao Chunhui’s Female Tragedy--The study of Feminism in Sons and Lovers and Cai Liyin’s The Tragic Female under the Patriarchy’ Pressure are from the female tragedy point of view。

     Furthermore, some studies explore the ecological ethic in this novel。 Zhou Zhigao’s Oedipus Complex-- Dissimilation of Ecological Ethic in Sons and Lovers states that the title of the novel, sons and lovers, directly reveals the serious consequence of destruction of ecological ethic (Zhou 110)。 Ma Jingjing’s Ecology and Human Nature—Study of Ecological Ethic Meaning in Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers also explore the crisis of human nature is resulted from the crisis of ecologic。 

    Oedipus complex is an important point which many scholars focus on。 Zhen Guiying’s Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers is talking about Oedipus complex reflected in the novel。 Paul produced abnormal love to his mother because of his family environment, social atmosphere, as well as his mother’s abnormal love to him。 Liu Jiyuan’s The Study of Paul’s Oedipus Complex and Reasons of Producing explains that the causes of the Oedipus complex are resulted by several factors, and social factors is the dominate reason。 

     Considering that many studies are from the perspectives of feminism, female tragedy and ecological ethic。 And they also refer to Paul’s Oedipus complex。 The present author decide to explore how Paul get rid of the Oedipus complex。 This paper writes from several factors: the definition of Oedipus complex, the main characters’ effects on Paul and Paul's solution to the Oedipus complex。

3。 The Definition of Oedipus Complex

 The statement of Oedipus complex was derived from ancient Greece。 It’s a story about Oedipus who killed his father and took his mother to wife。 It’s an organized mental entity that the desire of love and hate from children (or adults) towards their parents。文献综述

 Its external manifestation presents a triangular relationship structure, namely three kinds of the inpiduals themselves, the loved inpiduals, law enforcement (taboo system)。 They get along with conflicting emotions of love and hate, fear, etc。 The external conditions of its existence are the human gender differences and the incest taboo。 It also sometimes calls “Oedipus complex” and “Electra complex” in Chinese context。

     Oedipus complex is a psychoanalysis term。 The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, believes that children begin to seek sex objects from the outside world in the period of development in sex in the object selection。 He thinks that Oedipus complex is formed by two closed factors: one is the attachment to the mother, and another is the hatred to the father (Sun 238)。 For children, this first object is parents。 Boys choose their mothers as the object and girls also choose their fathers as the object。 Children make such a choice, partly because of their own instinct, but also due to the stimulation of parents reinforced this tendency, that is, it’s contributed by mother is in favor of son and father is in favor of daughter。 Under such circumstances, the boy would have produced a special tenderness to his mother。 He regards his mother as his belongings, and treats his father as an enemy, and would like to replace his father’s status in the relationship between parents。 Similarly, the girl has the same feeling with her mother and she thinks that her mother invaded her position。