Abstract The Old Man and the Sea is a masterpiece which is extensive, profound and has abundant connotation。 The ideology and spirit in the novel are worthy of discovering and comprehending。 Over the past few decades, the comments on The Old Man and the Sea can be described as being rich and varied at home and abroad, but most of the comments are just focused on “tough guy spirit”, “lack of female awareness”, “symbolic approach” and so on in the novel。 Actually, The Old Man and the Sea contains a rich ecological connotation which reflects Hemingway’s ecological awareness。82092

In The Old Man and the Sea, by the description of the old fisherman Santiago’s attitude towards life and his relationships with the ocean and nature, the author Hemingway expresses the deep ecological idea: human beings who are only part of the biosphere are very closely related with and interdependent on everything in the world。 Therefore, human beings should know how to care for the nature, revere natural life and strive to protect the ecosystem on which man’s life is dependent。 Man, lived in the nature, can neither inflate their material desire and abuse natural resources, nor can they prove their power by conquering the nature。 By analyzing the old man’s attitude to life and nature, this writing expounds the right place that human beings should hold and the way that human beings can maintain himself in the biosphere。

Key Words: ecocriticism, The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago, human and nature

摘要《老人与海》 是部博大精深、 内涵丰富的巨著，其思想和精神值得人们不断地去发现和领悟。过去几十年人们对《老人与海》 的评论文章在国内外都可谓是汗牛充栋，但大都集中在对主人公圣地亚哥的“硬汉精神”、“女性缺失” 和“象征手法” 的探讨上。实际上，《老人与海》 这部作品蕴含了丰富的生态内涵，体现了海明威的生态意识。

海明威在《老人与海》中通过描写老渔夫圣地亚哥对生活的态度、以及他与大海和自然的关系表现了深刻生态zhuyi的思想，即人只不过是生物圈中一分子，他与万物休戚相关，相互依存，因此人类要懂得爱护自然，对自然充满敬畏，努力维护人类赖以生存的生态系统，既不能膨胀物质欲望，也不能滥用自然资源，更不能通过征服自然的方式来证明自己的能力。

毕业论文关键词：生态批评，《老人与海》，圣地亚哥，人与自然

CONTENTS 

Acknowledgements…。i

Abstract…ii

摘要…。iii

1 Introduction 1

2 The Ecological Consciousness in The Old Man and the Sea 3

2。1 Old Man and the Sea: Love and Reverence for Nature 3

2。2 Old Man and Marlin: The Conflict between Man and Nature 5

2。3 Old Man and Sharks: Natural Retaliation and Punishment for Mankind…。6

3 Dialectical Relationship between Man and Nature 7

3。1 Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature 7

3。2 Mutual Damage Pattern between Man and Nature 8

3。3 Introspection on the Relationship between Man and Nature 9

4 Conclusion 15

Bibliography。…。…17

1 Introduction

1。1 Ernest Miller Hemingway

Hemingway, whose full name was Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899— July 2, 1961), born in Chicago, USA, American writer, journalist, is considered as one of the most famous novelists of the 20th century。 He is the representative writer of “Lost Generation” in the United States。 He has always been known as a literary tough guy, and is also a spiritual monument of the American people。