摘要高能量密度材料（HEDM）是一种能量储存材料，可以用于制造炸药、发射药和推进剂，广泛应用于国防军事、民用爆破、航天科技等领域。发展HEDM的关键技术之一是合成它的主要组分高能量密度化合物（HEDC）。氮杂环化合物2,4,6,8-四硝基-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷（双环HMX），能量密度高于1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷（HMX），热安定性较好，具有很高的潜在应用价值，一直备受各国研究者的关注。目前，关于成功合成双环HMX的报道还很少，而且合成产率低，因此对于其合成的研究具有十分重要的现实意义。本课题用醛胺缩合的方法，以乙酰胺和甲醛为起始原料，经过四步反应合成双环HMX四乙酰基母体—2,4,6,8-四乙酰基-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷，通过实验优化各步反应的工艺条件，并对各步产物进行结构表征，完善原始图谱。得到四乙酰基母体后，利用NO2BF4对其进行硝解研究，最终得到双环HMX。64332

毕业论文关键词  高能量密度材料，2,4,6,8-四硝基-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷（双环HMX），双环HMX四乙酰基母体，缩合，硝解

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title   The Synthesis of the Precursor of Bicyclo-HMX and Studies on Its Nitrolysis. 

Abstract High energy density materials (HEDM) are a kind of energy storage material, which can be used as explosives and propellants, so they are widely applied in national defense, industrial explosive materials, aerospace propulsion and other fields. One of the important technologies is the synthesis of its essential component high energy density compound (HEDC).  The energy density of 2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (bicyclo-HMX) is higher than 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetraazacyclooctane (HMX). Furthermore, it has attracted much attention, due to its good thermal stability and the potential high value of application. Few successes on the synthesis of bicyclo-HMX have been reported, and the yields are also unsatisfactory. Therefore, the research on developing the efficient method for the synthesis of bicyclo-HMX still remains significant. In this subject, we synthesized 2,4,6,8- tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,0]octane through a four-step reaction, using aldimine condensation, with acetamide and formaldehyde as the starting materials. The conditions of each step were optimized, and all the products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Finally, we conducted researches on the nitrolysis of the corresponding tetraactyl precursor using NO2BF4 to obtain bicyclo-HMX.

Keywords  high energy density material, 2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo [3.3.0]octane (bicyclo-HMX), tetraactyl precursor of bicyclo-HMX, condensation, nitrolysis

1  引言 1

1.1  选题背景 1

1.1.1  含能材料、高能量密度材料、高能量密度化合物 1

1.1.2  双环HMX简介 5

1.1.3  双环HMX的合成研究 6

1.2  选题意义 8

1.3  研究内容、思路和目的 8

2  实验部分 9

2.1  实验试剂及仪器 9

2.2  实验方法和步骤 10

2.2.1  亚甲基二乙酰胺（MBA）的合成 10

2.2.2  1,3-二乙酰基-4,5-二羟基-1,3-二氮杂环戊烷的合成 10

2.2.3  1,3-二乙酰基-4,5-二乙酰氧基-1,3-二氮杂环戊烷的合成