摘要： 近年来,在工程实践中,随着自动控制、自动检测和信息技术的迅猛发展，工业自动化程度的不断提高，自动测控系统中对发动机、电动机、机床主轴等旋转设备对齿轮转速的测量都提出了越来越高的要求。本设计以直流电机为研究对象,设计了电机转速测量系统，该系统是以AT89C51单片机为主控制器，通过霍尔传感器实现了对电机的转速测量，通过555定时器构成的信号调理电路进行整形后，利用单片机计数口对转速进行测量，通过软件对单片机外部中断端口进行设置对脉冲计数，经过换算成真实的转速值后实现LED显示。如果电机转速超速，则系统报警。经过仿真调试，设计的系统实现了对转速的准确测量，可广泛应用于电控系统中转速的测量、处理和显示。78899

毕业论文关键词： 转速测量，霍尔传感器，单片机，LED显示模块

Abstract：In recent years, in the engineering practice, with the rapid development of automatic control, automatic detection and information technology, the continuous improvement of the industrial automation, automatic control system of engine, motor, machine tool spindle rotating equipment on gear speed measurement are put forward higher and higher requirements。The purpose of the DC motor as the research object is to design the motor speed measurement system。The system is AT89C51 microcontroller as the main controller, through the hall sensor to achieve the measurement of motor speed, after shaping the signal conditioning circuit composed of 555 timer。 The speed is measured by using a single chip microcomputer counter, and the external interrupt port of the single chip microcomputer is set to pulse counting through the software after converted into the actual speed value after the realization of LED display。If the motor speed is over, the system will alarm。 Through simulation and debugging, the design of the system to achieve the accurate measurement of the speed, can be widely used in electric control system of the speed measurement, processing and display。

Keywords: speed measurement, hall sensor, microcontroller, LED display module

目 录

1 绪论 4

2 基于单片机的转速测量原理 5

2。1 基本测量原理 5

2。2霍尔元件的测量原理 5

2。3单片机测速系统概述 6

3 系统硬件设计 7

3。1 单片机电路设计 7

3。2转速传感器检测电路设计 11

3。3 显示电路设计 13

3。4 按键电路设计 14

3。5报警电路设计 15

3。6电源电路设计 15

4。系统软件设计 16

4。1 系统程序设计 16

4。2  程序调试及固化 20

4。3 软件仿真 22

结 论 23

参考文献 24

致谢 25

1 绪论 

转速测量是利用相关精密仪器测量物体运动的角位移的方法，常用的测量仪器为霍尔传感器，因其具有分辨率强、测量精度高和工作可靠等特点，被广泛用于测速系统中。