The performance of fossilization in vocabulary has two, one is that learners are difficult to expand quantity of vocabulary, the other is that the understanding of words and using ability can not be improved。 College English test four require four thousand five hundred vocabularies and phrases, test six about six thousand words and phrases, but, many of college students are difficult to remember the vocabularies and phrases required, even if they remembered well, their using ability is very poor。文献综述

3。 Lexical Fossilization in Non-English Major Students’ English Writing

The teachers can judge a good composition or not from the form, meaning of word and culture habits in their English writing。 Lexical fossilization is mainly manifested in the form,   meaning of word and cultural difference。 I have collected from eighty English writings, we can draw a conclusion that lexical fossilization are prevalent in non-English major students’ writing。 Besides, I enumerate some words, phrases and sentences with phenomena lexical fossilization, because these points is vital to my argument。

3。1 Lexical fossilization on spelling

Spelling is an important way of output in English learning, good spellings ensure that readers get the correct information and prevent misunderstandings from happening。 Spelling as a basic skill in English studying, correct spelling plays a great important role in communication。 But, it is becoming increasingly common that a lot of students do not believe that spelling is the major point of mastering good English。 Nowadays, more and more students tend to pay less and less attention to it and focus on only speaking。 In addition, compared with English major college students, non-English major college students’ English foundation is very poor, whose learning goals is unclear, and they are lacking of learning confidence, learning motivation, learning methods。 Some words, it seems simple to write but easy to make mistakes in college students’ writing。 There are some spelling mistakes as follows。 Firstly, a silent letter is missing, like these words accommodation,artificial。 Secondly, error on vowels, take the word English for example, many students write “E”into “e”。 Although others may understand this word,which is not normal。 Moreover, the word separate, campaign and campus often are written into seperate, compaign and compus。 Thirdly, spelling some words is similar in form or appearance incorrectly, For example, angle and angel, quiet and quite, instinct and extinct etc。 There are many other spelling errors in non-English major college students’ writing, for students, besides realizing the importance of spelling in exams and daily contacts, they should write as mucm as they can to form a good habit of studying, that is, “never read books unless write some notes”。 For teachers, they should be strict with students in spelling, and dictations should be a class compulsory task。 Only by joint efforts of students and teachers can the  problem of misspelling be solved。 

3。2 Lexical fossilization on the word order  来*自~优|尔^论:文+网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766*

Word order is the order of words in a text or a sentence。 Because culture is different between the Eastern and Western worlds, the word order in Chinese is often different from that in English。 Therefore, we should pay attention to the word order。 There are five basic sentence patterns: S+Vi, S+Vt+O,S+LV+Predicative,S+Vt+O。indir+O。dir,S+Vt+O+O。compl。

We can draw a conclusion from above-mentioned patterns that a complete sentence usually contains at least two basic elements, up to four basic components。 Basic word order is “subject+predicate” in a sentence, but in practical application, due to the need of grammatical structure or emphasis, a predicate often is moved before the subject, which known as inversion, there are two kinds of inversion, namely, full inversion and partial inversion。 Because inversion structures are complicate and flexible, which often make most of college students confused and lead to dislocation of words in a sentence。 Taking a wrong sentence “only in this way we can have a bright future” for example, but accurate word order is that “only in this way can we have a bright future”。 We can see that just change the position of a word, and the sentence makes sense。 Furthermore, influenced by Chinese English, many college students write down some confusing sentences in their writing, for example, many students write down the sentence like “Our hometown has changed dramatically” in their writing, but “Great changes have taken place in my hometown” is correct expression。 There are many other Chinese English sentences, like “Long time no see”, “He will arrive after an hour” and “You can you up”。 Meantime, there are many Chinese English phrases like “big rain”,“skin shallow”。 非英语专业学生英语写作中的词汇石化现象分析(3):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_85911.html