摘要:目的调查桐乡市小学生的近视状况，分析探讨小学生近视相关的环境、行为、生活方式等影响因素，为桐乡市小学生近视的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法采用方便抽样，选取桐乡市2所城镇小学、2所乡村小学为调查学校，再从调查学校中随机抽取二、四、六年级共594名学生为调查对象，通过自制问卷结合学校体检资料的方式，了解调查对象的视力状况，及其与一般人口学特征、环境、用眼行为及生活方式等因素的相关情况。结果桐乡市小学生的总体近视率为41.25%，不同年级学生之间近视率有显著性差异（p=0.000<0.05），但不同性别学生的近视率无显著性差异（p=0.567）,城乡学校间学生近视率无显著性差异（p=0.176）。从家庭背景看，父亲是否近视（p=0.004<0.05）、母亲是否近视（p=0.000<0.05）、父亲文化程度（p=0.019<0.05）、母亲文化程度（p=0.000<0.05）在小学生是否近视方面的差异有统计学意义；从用眼行为看，做作业与阅读时间p=0.000<0.05）、节假日电子产品使用时间（p=0.025<0.05）、用眼间隔（p=0.002<0.05）、保持标准读写姿势频率（p=0.000<0.01）、是否斜眼读写（p=0.000<0.05）在小学生近视方面的差异有统计学意义；从生活方式看，工作日睡眠时间（p=0.002<0.05）、工作日睡醒精神状态（p=0.000<0.05）、户外运动时间（p=0.000<0.05）、摄入蛋类频率（p=0.000<0.05）、摄入深色水果频率（p=0.001<0.05）、摄入油炸烧烤类频率（p=0.018<0.05）在小学生近视方面的差异有统计学意义。因此结果证明，年级、母亲文化程度、做作业与阅读时间、节假日电子产品使用时间、用眼间隔、是否斜眼读写、摄入深色水果频率与小学生近视存在显著性差异。结论桐乡市小学生的近视患病率较高，年级、母亲文化程度、做作业与阅读时间、节假日电子产品使用时间、用眼间隔、是否斜眼读写、摄入深色水果频率是小学生近视的影响因素。学校、家庭应加强对小学生不良用眼行为、睡眠、运动、饮食的干预，从而预防和控制近视。
关键词：小学生；近视；现况调查；影响因素
Abstract:Objective In order to provide references of prevention of myopia, investigate the myopia of primary school students in Tongxiang City and analyze the environment, behavior and lifestyle related to myopia. Methods Select 594 students for the survey, who come from 2 urban primary school and 2 rural school, from the second grade, the fourth grade and the sixth grade, adopting stratified cluster sampling. Understand the subjects' vision, family background, eye behavior and lifestyle via the self-made questionnaire combined with the physical examination data of the school.Results The overall myopia rate of students in Tongxiang City is 41.25%. There is a significant difference in myopia among different grades (p=0.000<0.05). There is no significant difference in myopia among different genders (p=0.567). There is no significant difference in myopia among students between urban and rural schools (p=0.176).
From the family background ， the puils with different parents myopia condition (p=0.004<0.05), whether the mother nearsighted or not (p=0.000<0.05), father's educational level (p=0.019<0.05) and mother's educational level (p=0.000<0.05) have a statistical difference in whether pupils were nearsighted. From the behavior with the eyes, the time of doing homework and reading (p=0.000<0.05),the time of using electronic products holidays (p=0.025<0.05), watching interval (p=0.002<0.05), keeping proper posture (p=0.000<0.05) and whether reading with skew head or not (p=0.000<0.05) have a statistical difference in whether pupils were nearsighted. From the way of life, weekday sleep time (p=0.002<0.05), wake up mental state in working days (p=0.000<0.05), outdoor sports time(p=0.000<0.05), the frequency of eating eggs (p=0.000<0.05), the frequency of eating fruits with dark puip(p=0.001< 0.05), the frequency of fried food and barbecue(p=0.018<0.05) have a statistical difference in whether pupils were nearsighted. So it turns out that, the grade, mother's educational level, the time of doing homework and reading, the time of using electronic products holidays, watching interval, whether reading with skew head or not, the frequency of eating fruits with dark puip are associated with pupils myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Tongxiang City is high. Grade, mother's dipmola, electronic products using time in holiday, interval with the eyes, slant eye reading and writing,eating dark fruit frequency is the influence factor of myopia. In order to prevent and control the development of myopia,school and family should strengthen the intervention of students' bad eye behavior, sleep, exercise and diet. 桐乡市小学生近视现况及影响因素调查研究:http://www.youerw.com/yixue/lunwen_205283.html