Fig。 12。 Comparison of the relative mean influence of various building parameters on the degree of discomfort for un-conditioned buildings for four selected repre- sentative climates。 Shaded regions indicate small (±0。2), medium (±0。6) and large (> ± 0。6) effect sizes。

discomfort for the PV-conditioned house is most likely because it reduces night time radiant heat loss to the sky under conditions where the PV powered a/c is not providing comfortable conditions inside the space。

For un-conditioned buildings minimising westerly orientated windows is also important but a higher natural infiltration rate is beneficial since this leads predominately to a cooling effect on the zone。 There is also more benefit from higher thermal mass con- struction, particularly in southern Australia for reasons outlined below, as well as less benefit from higher internal capacitance in the zone。 For the unconditioned building both wall and ceiling insu- lation were detrimental since they trap heat from the internal loads inside the building and hence lead to higher indoor temperatures at night time。论文网

As shown in Fig。 13, for the PV- conditioned buildings high thermal mass on the external wall surface (i。e。 conventional brick veneer as compared to weatherboard) was detrimental for north- ern regions because it captured and retained unwanted heat from the ambient but provided both minimal beneficial insulative and thermal capacitance effects on the interior zone temperature。 For southern regions the positive effect  of  additional  thermal  mass on the interior side of the wall (i。e。 double brick construction) outweighed the negatives on average, providing some ability for the building to ‘ride through’ extreme temperature events that occurred less regularly。 For the unconditioned buildings, the higher average indoor temperatures meant that there was proportionally more benefit to be obtained from higher building thermal mass (particularly in southern climates) since this led to some reduction in temperature extremes。摘要：居民住宅应出于其居住者感到舒服和满意的地方。在具有能源意识的世界里，提供已改进的室内舒适生活的挑战与减少电网能源及相关消耗（同时来自有效配置观念和减少石油耗油量）形成了对比。居住者行为是能源消耗的主要驱动之一，尤其是高峰能量消耗，这大部分是空调运用的结果。不顾居住者行为是最重要的任务去选择满足双重要求的最具有成本效益的设计或者修改。解决确保无并网能源利用问题的方法之一是使用离网的光伏电池驱动空调。在这里我们使用了一个详细的仿真模型去调查一个小型离网的光伏电池系统的适配性，在澳大利亚气候下驱动空调使给一众不同建筑的散热设计给居住者提供舒适。我们将讨论基于提供舒适感的离网系统能力的不同建筑参数的相对重要性。结果表明，即使在热带气候下，导致室内温度＜25℃的一些建筑散热设计始终有一个适度的PV电池系统。

关键词： 建筑热设计，空调，光伏，离网

1。 引言

一个舒适的，居住者可以生活工作的散热环境的创造是一个建筑作用的基本面。一个居住者感觉舒服的建筑会引起许多既定的好处，例如在生活能力，满意度，生产力和健康方面。           

与此同时，正如在许多国家，在澳大利亚，适应建筑的能源需求是总发电量的实际比例并且不断上升的能源成本和温室气体排放的担忧正在驱使人们越来越关注低消耗的建筑设计。例如，我们表明通过在立法上采用更严格的最低节能建筑标准。

另一个因素是高峰消费事件的影响，通常在仅有的几个炎热的天气下，在大多数地区主要使用由蒸发压缩循环所驱动的空调。满足高峰消费的要求实际上有助于整个电力网络与没有好好利用现估值为300M-500M每年的补贴的最终消费者。虽然整个电力网络和高峰消费近年来已经从2009年的高点下降，但是两者计划在2018—2019年逐渐恢复和提高。