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摘 要：探讨森林土壤化学特性的空间动态变化，对评价土壤养分平衡以及森林生态系统的可持续性具有一定的理论指导意义。以庐山8种不同林地土壤为研究对象，通过对不同植被类型下0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm土层的土壤化学特性及养分特征进行分析，选择有机质、pH值、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾、阳离子交换量等指标进行分析比较，结果表明：（1）不同林地下土壤平均pH值为4.3±0.8～5.8±0.3，竹林下土壤酸性最强；落叶阔叶林下土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效钾平均含量最多，其林下阳离子交换量也大于其它林地，而土壤速效钾平均含量最少；常绿阔叶林有效磷平均含量最少。（2）不同林地不同土层间化学特性的9个指标除土壤pH值外均随土层深度增加而降低，有机质、水解氮、有效磷及速效钾随土层深度增加表现出明显的降低，pH值、全磷及全钾含量在不同林地不同土层间的差异不大。（3）土壤有机质与全氮、水解氮及有效磷呈极显著正相关；土壤全氮与水解氮、有效磷呈极显著正相关；全钾与速效钾呈极显著正相关；CEC与有机质、全氮呈极显著正相关，与水解氮呈显著正相关，与全钾呈极显著负相关。（4）在土壤养分方面，土壤养分状况的得分值随土层深度的增加而有所降低；不同林地养分状况从高到低排序依次为：落叶阔叶林﹥常绿-落叶阔叶混交林﹥常绿阔叶林﹥竹林﹥灌丛﹥针阔混交林﹥马尾松林﹥黄山松林。39095
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毕业论文关键词：林地类型；土壤化学特性；土壤养分特征；庐山
Soil chemical properties and nutrient characteristics of different woodland in Lushan mountains of China
Abstract : Discussing the spatial dynamic changes of forest soil chemical properties has a certain theoretical guiding significance in the evaluation of soil nutrient balance and sustainability of the forest ecosystem. Regarding eight kinds of woodland in Lushan mountains of China as the study object and analyzing soil chemical properties and soil nutrient characteristics of different vegetation types at 0~20cm, 20~40cm, 40~60cm, selecting organic matter, pH, total nitrogen hydrolysis nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total, potassium, available potassium, cation exchange capacity and other indicators analyzed and compared, the results shows that: (1) The average pH value of different woodland soil change roughly 4.3±0.8～5.8±0.3, the acidity of bamboo forest soil is strong; The average content of total nitrogen, hydrolyze nitrogen, rapidly-available potassium of deciduous P.massoniana is the hightest. The average content of available p of the evergreen broadleaf forest is the least. (2) In different soil chemical properties indicators of different woodland, nine kinds of indicators in addition to soil pH were decreased with increasing soil depth, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with soil depth increase performance a sharp decrease. Soil pH, total phosphorus and total potassium contents were different among different woodland soil was not obvious. (3) Soil organic matter and total nitrogen, available nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with phosphorus significantly positive correlation; soil total nitrogen and hydrolysis nitrogen, phosphorus significantly positive correlation; full of potassium and potassium significantly positive correlation. CEC and total nitrogen presents a significant positive correlation was significantly positive correlation with hydrolysis nitrogen, a significant negative correlation with the total potassium. (4) In terms of soil nutrients, soil nutrient status scores with increasing soil depth decreased. Different forest nutrient status score from highest to lowest were: deciduous P.massoniana > evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen broadleaf forest > bamboo > shrub > coniferous forest > Masson pine > Huangshan pine forest.