摘要：本课题主要研究了不完全皂化皂基体系出水问题影响因素。首先以月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸作为油脂，氢氧化钾作为碱，Glydant Plus Liquid为防腐剂，余量为水作成初始配方。然后通过改变添加剂的种类与用量（水相加入多元醇，油相加入乳化剂、油脂等）探究出不完全皂化皂基体系出水问题的影响因素以及使出水问题得到良好改善的配方。其研究结果如下：对单一脂肪酸皂基体系来说，丙二醇以及丙三醇的加入有助于改善体系的出水情况。因为多元醇分子中的羟基打破了水分子与脂肪酸盐分子间的作用力，增加了溶剂分子与脂肪酸盐分子间的作用力，能够快速的将皂化反应生成的脂肪酸盐分散，使皂化反应变得相对容易；单甘酯的加入也有助于改善体系的出水情况，因为加入单甘酯能够改善皂基产品的高温稳定性，并且把体系中未皂化的脂肪酸进一步乳化与水融合，改变了体系的相行为。而同为乳化剂的Brij72和Brij721并没有使得体系出水问题得到改善。对复配脂肪酸皂基体系来说，丙二醇、丙三醇、单甘酯、Brij721以及十六十八醇的加入均有助于改善体系的出水情况。74078

毕业论文关键词：不完全皂化；皂基体系；出水问题；相行为。

Factors affecting the effluent problem of incomplete saponification soap system

Abstract: In this paper, the factors influencing the effluent problem of incomplete saponification soap system are studied。 First, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid as fat, potassium hydroxide as alkali, Glydant Plus Liquid as preservative, the balance of water for the initial formula。 Then, the influencing factors of the water problem of the incomplete saponification soap system and the formula for improving the effluent problem were explored by changing the kind and amount of the additive (adding polyol, adding emulsifier, oil and so on)。 The results are as follows: For a single fatty acid soap system, the addition of propylene glycol and glycerol helps to improve the effluent of the system。 Because the hydroxyl groups in the polyol molecule break the force between the water molecules and the fatty acid salt molecules, the interaction between the solvent molecules and the fatty acid salt molecules is increased, and the fatty acid salts formed by the saponification reaction can be rapidly dispersed, The addition of monoglycerides also helps to improve the effluent of the system because the addition of monoglycerides can improve the high temperature stability of the soap product and further emulsify and convert the unsaponifiable fatty acids in the system to water The phase of the system behavior。 The same as the emulsifier Brij72 andBrij721 did not make the system water problem 

improved。 The addition of propylene glycol, glycerol, monoglyceride, Brij721 and hexadecyl alcohol to the complex fatty acid soap system helps to improve the effluent of the system。

Keywords: incomplete saponification; soap base; effluent problem; phase behavior

目   录

1 前言 1

1。1 皂基体系的组成 1

1。1。1油脂 1

1。1。2 碱 1

1。1。3 脂肪酸盐 2

1。2 不完全皂化皂基体系特性 3

1。2。1皂化度 3

1。2。2不稳定因素 4

1。3 本课题研究的目的及意义 4

1。3。1本课题的立题意义 4