摘要棕榈壳是在棕榈油的提练过程中产生的，棕榈壳本身的价值较低，经常被丢弃，用棕榈壳制备木质活性炭具有较好的成本优势，其制备的活性炭也具备优异的吸附性能，有广泛的工业用途，对棕榈壳制备的活性炭灰分的研究成熟是大量应用的前提。本文对棕榈壳活性炭在水蒸气条件下活化的灰分进行探究，灰分的主要成分是、Ba、Na、Fe、Al的化合物，及是和一些有机物，棕榈壳原料的灰分在2。16%，在活化和炭化过程中反应生成了大量的灰分；同时通过对棕榈壳活性炭在酸洗、碱洗、水洗及超声洗涤等方式下灰分的去除效果，实验发现水洗、酸洗对灰分都有一定的去除效果，并随着时间、浓度有一定的规律变化，碱洗也能除去部分灰分，但是由于NaOH与活性炭中的灰分发生反应生成沉淀物粘附在活性炭表面不易去除，单纯碱洗除灰效果不佳；在炭化、活化过程中硅元素经过了几步转换，由硅酸盐及含硅化合物在炭化过程中生成，随后在活化过程中生成，在进水速率足够的情况下慢慢转变为，并以这个形式一直存在于灰分中，水蒸气在其中更多的起催化功能。80908

毕业论文关键词：棕榈壳；活性炭；水蒸气活化；脱灰；灰分生成

Abstract Palm shell is produced during the refining of palm oil, palm shell itself is not high value, has long been abandoned, with palm shell preparation of wood activated carbon has a good cost advantage, the preparation of activated carbon also has excellent adsorption performance , Has a wide range of industrial uses, the palm shell prepared by the research of activated carbon ash is a prerequisite for a large number of applications。 The main components of ash are Li, Ca, Ba, Na, Fe, Al compounds, and are  and some organic matter。 The ash content of palm shell raw material is 2。16%, and the ash content of palm oil is 2。16% , In the activation and carbonation process to produce a lot of ash; at the same time through the palm shell activated carbon in the pickling, caustic washing, washing and ultrasonic washing, etc。 to remove the effect of ash, the experiment found that washing, pickling on the ash have a certain Of the removal effect, and with time, the concentration of a certain degree of change, alkali washing can also remove part of the ash, but because of and activated carbon in the reaction of the ash generated by the adhesion of the surface of the activated carbon is not easy to remove, The effect is poor。 During the carbonization and activation process, the silicon element is converted by a few steps, and  is formed during the carbonization process by the silicate and the silicon-containing compound。 Then,  is generated during the activation process,and gradually changes to ,And in this form has been present in the ash, in which more water vapor from the catalytic function。

Key words : Palm shell；activated carbon；water vapor activated；deashed；ash generated

目     录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 活性炭发展概况 1

1。1。1 国内活性炭发展的状况 1

1。1。2国外活性炭发展的状况 1

1。2活性炭结构及分类 1

1。2。1活性炭结构 1

1。2。2活性炭分类 2

1。3活性炭应用 2

1。3。1液相吸附 2

1。3。2气相吸附 3

1。3。3功能性应用 3