摘要：近年来，社会生活中所产生和排放的地沟油数量越来越多，由于其排放所带来的环境污染问题以及其不当使用对人们健康的危害日趋严重，地沟油亦已成为一个社会热点问题。同时，社会对环境资源、能源需求不断提高，拓展新的资源和能源也迫在眉急。因而，将社会生活中所产生的大量地沟油作为资源并加以利用开发，这已成为科研工作者的一个重要关注。其中，地沟油的催化裂解过程因具有较多的优点而被我们所关注，而其中催化裂解催化剂的设计和制备更是一个关键问题。本研究针对此关键问题进行了深入研究，首先从地沟油的组成特点以及催化反应机理出发，分别采用镁铝尖晶石、凹凸棒土为主要原料制备了地沟油催化裂解用镁铝尖晶石 — 凹凸棒土催化剂，还将工业催化剂—RICC-5进行改型进行地沟油的催化裂解效果考察。随后，再通过相应的表征方法，如XRD、BET、TG-DSC以及场发射扫描电子显微镜法等，对制备的地沟油催化裂解剂进行了一系列的结构和微观表征和分析。最后，在实验室自制的地沟油催化裂解固定床反应器装置上进行了镁铝尖石 — 凹凸棒土催化剂的裂解应用实验。通过结构分析、表征和催化裂解实验的应用结果，可以得出，本研究过程中所制备的催化剂具有对地沟油良好的催化裂解性能。81538

毕业论文关键词：地沟油，催化裂解，催化剂，表征

Abstract：In recent years, the generation and emission of waste oil increased greatly in the social life。 Due to the discharge of waste oil and its inappropriate use, the problem of environmental pollution and the harmful effect on people's health were becoming more and more serious。 And, the problem of waste oil become a hot social issue。 At the same time, the requirement of environmental resources and energy continuous increased for the social development, and the demand of developing new energy and resources had been an urgently issue。 Therefore, the waste oil could be used as a resource and made full use of its advantage, which had become a major concern of researchers。 Among them, the catalytic cracking process of waste oil had more advantages, and it had been concerned with us。 And the design and fabrication of  catalyst was a key issue in the progress of catalytic cracking。 This study was aimed and developed at researching on this key issue。 Firstlyl, based on the waste oil’s characteristics and catalytic reaction mechanism, the magnesia-alumina spinel and attapulgite had been used as the main raw material to prepare magnesia - alumina spinel—attapulgite catalysts。 Secondly, an industrial catalyst named RICC-5 had been retrofitted, so as to study on the effect of waste oil’s catalytic cracking。 And then, through the corresponding characterization methods, such as XRD, BET, TG-DSC, SEM, and so on, a series of structure and microscopic characterization and analysis were obtained。 Finally, the application experiments on the fixed bed reactor for the catalytic cracking of waste oil had been made。 And from the results of the experiments, it could be concluded that the catalyst prepared in this study had good catalytic performance for the waste oil。

Keywords：Waste oil, Catalytic cracking, Catalyst, Characterization

目   录

1  前言 3

1。1  地沟油的来源及危害 3

1。2  地沟油的资源化利用 3

1。3  裂解催化剂的种类及特点 4

1。4  课题意义 5

2  催化剂的制备及表征