摘要全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System）是以卫星为基础的无线电导航系统,并实时的为用户提供导航信息，其以高精度、全天候、高效率等特点著称。随着这些年GPS和北斗导航系统的不断发展，在农业、环境监测、科学研究(野外生物学、气象学、地球科学)、自然资源分析等应用方面都发挥着极其重要的作用，不仅为人类带来了巨大的社会和经济效益也对我国的民事、军用领域有着非常大的研究意义和发展前景，已然成为了衡量一个国家综合实力的标准。73886

本文首先对GPS和北斗的发展史及系统的组成进行了简介，研究了卫星导航系统的时间和坐标系统；然后详细地叙述了RINEX格式，介绍了导航文件（N文件）和观测文件(O文件)，推导了计算卫星位置的详细步骤；最后根据伪距定位原理即测得的接收机至卫星间的信号传播时间乘上光速即可确定接收机位置，并建立相应的伪距观测方程，利用间接平差、最小二乘法等进行计算，并进行了精度评价。

毕业论文关键词：GPS  RINEX格式 卫星位置  伪距定位

Abstract Global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a satellite-based radio navigation systems, and provides navigation information to the user in real time, which is famous for its high precision, all-weather, high efficiency and so on。 With these years GPS and Beidou navigation system of constantly development, in agricultural, and environment monitoring, and scientific research (field biology, and meteorology, and Earth Science), and natural resources analysis, application aspects are play with extremely important of role, not only for human brings has huge of social and economic also on China of civil, and military field has very big of research meaning and development prospects, has became has measure a national integrated strength of standard。

Paper first on GPS and Beidou of history and the system of composition for has introduction, research has satellite navigation system of time and coordinates system; then detailed to described has RINEX format, introduced has navigation file (N FILE) and observation file (O FILE), is derived has calculation satellite location of detailed steps; last according to pseudo from positioning principle that measuring have of receiver to satellite between of signal spread time took Shang speed can determine receiver location, And establish the pseudo-range equation using adjustment, such as least squares calculation and its accuracy evaluation。

Key words: GPS, RINEX ,position of satellite, pseudorange positioning

目录

摘   要 I

Abstract II

1  绪  论 1

1。1  研究背景和意义 1

1。2  国内外研究现状及发展趋势 2

1。2。1  GPS和北斗导航系统研究现状 2

1。2。2  GPS和北斗导航系统发展趋势 3

1。3  研究内容和结构安排 5

2 卫星导航系统的论述 7

2。1 卫星导航系统的组成 7

2。1。1 GPS系统的组成 7

2。1。2 北斗导航系统的组成 9

2。2 时间系统基准统一