摘要产品的轻量化、高强度以及出于对材料的节省，导致了试验机的高 速发展和普及。在制造行业中就需要用试验机来测定材料的各种性能参 数，对材料进行拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切、扭转、冲击、疲劳、蠕变、 持久、松弛、磨损、硬度等测试实验。根据所得试验参数对机械结构等 进行优化，合理有效的使用材料、改进工艺、提高产品质量、降低成 本、保证产品的安全和可靠性。因此，对试验机本身的设计和制造也要 有更高的要求。 82766

卧式结构试验机的优点是实验空间大，试件安装操作简单，并且可 以灵活的在底座上安装用于施加侧向力或其他实验的夹具。本文主要使 用 SolidWorks、CAD 进行三维图及二维图的设计，并对试验机整体及部 件进行有限元分析，得出最大应力及最大变形验证试验机的强度，进行 试验机的材料和结构优化和改进，并对试验机做出一些人性化的安全等 方面的设计。本课题是对卧式液压拉压试压机的设计，试验机是通过液 压缸加载，对金属试件进行拉伸后和压缩试验的仪器。主要包括固定 架、承力杆、导向轴、液压系统以及一些辅助配件组成。设计过程中需 要对关键部件进行计算校核，达到所需要求。 

毕业论文关键词：有限元分析；结构优化；卧式结构 ；夹具 

Abstract The testing machines have been rapidly and popularized due to the lightweight and high strength of products as long as the saving of materials。 So performance parameters of materials should be tested out by using testing machines。 In manufacturing industry, testing experiment like tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion, impact, fatigue, creep, lasting relaxation, wear, hardness test, can be also conducted on this machines。 The experiment parameters can be used not only in mechanical structure optimization, but also in the rational and effective use of material。 and process improvement product quality improvement ,cost reduce ,the guarantee of safety and reliability of products。 Therefore, the test machine itself should also be designed and manufactured with a higher requirement。

Horizontal structure experiment machine has the advantage of a large experimental space and simple specimen mounting operation。 Besides device and other experimental fixtures which are wed to apply a lateral force can be flexibly mounting the base。 In this paper ,SolidWorks an AutoCAD is mainly used to the design of two dimensional and three dimensional drawings, finite element analysis and test the whole machine and parts, draw strength maximum stress and maximum strain verification testing machine, material and structural optimization performed testing machine and improved testing machine ,, and make some human safety aspects of the design。 This problem is tension and compression test of horizontal hydraulic press design, test machine is loaded by a hydraulic cylinder, the metal specimens after the tensile and compression testing equipment。 Including the holder, bearing rod, the guide shaft, hydraulic system and some auxiliary parts composition。 The design process need to calculate check key components to achieve the desired requirements。

Keywords: finite element analysis; structural optimization; Horizontal structure

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1研究背景 1

1。2现有的试验机种类及特点 1

1。2。1传动方式分类 1

1。2。2 结构形式分类 2

1。3研究现状 2

1。5小结