摘要近几十年来，CMOS 图像传感器随着半导体技术的突破而不断飞速进步，其运用超 大规模集成电路 VLSI 技术，将像素单元阵列、A/D 模数转换器、数字信号处理及时控电 路等集成于一块功能完善的芯片上，被大量用于民用及军事领域，成为固态传感器研究 的热点。74301

本文对 CMOS 传感器的工作原理及读出机制进行了详尽研究，应用增强型 STM32、 光电二极管、N 型 MOS 管等实现了仿照 CMOS 图像传感器工作的系统设计。该系统包 括时序控制、A/D 数模转换、数据输出等模块。除光电采集，其余模块依靠 KEIL 源程序 控制 STM32F103 作主控芯片的单片机完成。本文最后进行了硬件电路搭建，实现了 8×8 像素阵列的多光电探测器信号同步控制与光学图像信息采集处理，并用 Matlab 作三维图 呈现。

毕业论文关键词 CMOS 图像传感器 STM32F103 多光电探测器

毕 业 设 计 说 明 书 外 文 摘 要

Title The research on signal synchronous control and technology of multi-photodetector

Abstract In recent decades, with the breakthrough of the semiconductor technology, the development of CMOS image sensor has been increased significantly。 Based on the application of the technique of very large scale integration circuit, the important parts of CMOS image sensor named pixel array unit, analog-digital converter as well as digital signal treatment, time control circuit and so on have been integrated on one chip, which contribute to perfect in function。 CMOS image sensor has been widely used both in the fields of civil and military, meanwhile it has become the focus of the solid-state sensor study。

This dissertation studies the operation principle of the CMOS image sensor and the readout mechanism detailly。 The system design which imitates the CMOS image sensor has been achieved by using the enhanced STM32, PN photodiode, NMOS tube and other related components。 The system includes time sequence control, A/D converter, data output module, etc。 In addition, most of the operation of each module are based on one microcontroller, the master chip of which named STM32F103 is operated by KEIL source program。 Finally, the hardware circuit is built to achieve the signal synchronization control, optical image information acquisition and processing of one 8×8 multi-photodetector array, and the MATLAB is used to render the last 3D image。

Keywords  CMOS image sensor  STM32F103  Multi-photodetector

目 次

1 引言 1

1。1 课题研究背景 1

1。2 CMOS 与CCD 图像传感器 1

1。3 研究意义及内容 4

1。4 本文主要架构安排 5

2 CMOS 图像传感器的工作原理 6

2。1 CMOS 图像传感器的类别 6

2。2 半导体的光生伏特效应 8

2。3 图像传感器像素结构 10

2。4 CMOS 图像传感器噪声 13

3