摘要：地方自治是一种政治制度设计,同时也是一种社会管理手段和方式。民生与民权是孙中山地方自治设计的两大核心,也是国民政府地方自治的核心议题。南京国民政府首都自治,在性质上是孙中山地方自治建国方案在实践中的探索,虽有偏离,但仍受其指导与制约;是国家权力下沉和对基层社会的整合,是对传统地方政治向现代民主政治转型的尝试;是由单纯的移植域外法向与中国传统制度与文化相结合、由激进主义向相对理性主义的转变。

关键词：孙中山；民权主义；南京国民政府；地方自治

Sun yisen's autonomy thought and its practice research - capital of Nanjing national government, for example

Abstract： Local autonomy is a kind of political system design, is also a kind of social management means and methods.People's livelihood and civil rights are sun yisen local autonomy is the design of two core, the core issue of local autonomy is the national government.Nanjing national government capital, autonomy, in nature, is the sun yisen local autonomy statehood in practice to explore, although have deviation, but it is still subject to the guidance and restriction;Is sinking and social integration, at the base of state power to the transformation of traditional local politics to modern democratic politics is the attempt;Is made up of simple transplant outside normal combined with Chinese traditional culture and system, by the radical to relative rationalism.So the research of the republic of China local autonomy is helpful to deepen the understanding of Dr. Sun yisen revolutionary ideals and transformation to the modernization of the national government regime of the success or failure of the gain and loss.

Keywords:  Sun yisen;The civil rights doctrine; Nanjing national government;Local autonomy

目   录

0 引言 1

0.1 选题的意义和目的 1

0.2 研究方法 2

1南京国民政府自治之源流 2

1.1国民政府时期南京地方自治实施背景 2

1.2中西结合的地方自治理论 3

1.3从省自治向县自治的转变 5

1.4建国程序论 6

1.5地方自治具体建设 7

2 南京国民政府首都自治之制度建构 8

2.1南京国民政府自治法律内容之表达 8

2.2首都自治之运作态势 10

2.3首都地方自治实施效果 14

3.南京国民政府首都特别市自治之检讨 15

3.1地方自治再述 15

3.2首都地方自治之检讨 16

3.3启示 18

结语 21

致谢 22

参考文献 23

孙中山自治思想及其实践研究——以国民政府首都

南京为例

0 引言

    现代地方自治滥觞于英国,是11世纪晚期欧洲商业复兴、市民社会兴起的产物。其渊源可追溯至古希腊罗马时代的自治市,是西方文化演进的结果。中国地方自治属“后发外生型”,肇始于清末宪政,是传统地方政治向现代民主政治的转型。梁启超认为地方自治是“立宪国家之基础”,孙中山将之喻为“国之础石”,与民主宪政相依相生,相辅相成,是宪政的题中应有之义。