摘    要

只要有人的存在，又有距离上的间隔，就有通信的必要性。自古以来，为了迎合各个阶层的需要，如何实现及时、准确、安全的信息传递一直是人们想解决的问题。各种通信方式的普及，使通信的速度和距离达到了很高的水平。但是，越来越快的通信速度带来的不仅是方便和快捷，还有大量信息的泄露和扩散。现有的密码体系，是以增加计算的复杂性进行的。在现有的加密方式下，等到量子计算机进入实用，其强大的计算能力意味着秘密不复存在。如果这项技术被别有用心的人掌握，那么好不容易建立起来的世界秩序，将转眼崩塌。为了维护世界和平，在量子计算机逐步研发的同时，量子通信的研究也必须同步跟进。量子通信主要有两种方法，量子密钥分配和量子隐形传态。量子密钥分配是基于量子力学的绝对安全的密钥分配过程，量子隐形传态的基本思想是通信双方进行一个未知量子态的传送。本文将简要介绍这两种方法，并对它们进行比较分析。85410

毕业论文关键词：量子通信, 量子密钥分配, 量子隐形传态

Abstract

As long as the existence of people, when they are separated, there is the necessity of communication。 Since the ancient times, in order to cater to the needs of all social levels, how to achieve timely, accurate and safe information transmission has been the problem people always want to solve。 The popularity of various kinds of communication methods makes the communication speed and distance reach a rather high level。 However, faster speed of communication brings not only convenience, but also a lot of information leakage and diffusion。 The existing password system relies on the increase of complexity in calculation。 Under the current way of encryption, when a quantum computer comes into practical use in some day, it means there is no longer a secret due to its unbelievable calculation ability。 If the technology is mastered by ulteriorly motived people, the world order which is so difficult to build will suddenly collapse。 To safeguard world peace, along with the gradual research and development of quantum computer, the research of quantum communication must synchronously follow up at the same time。 There are two main types of quantum communication method, quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation。 Quantum key distribution is based on the absolute security of key distribution process of quantum mechanics, while the basic idea of quantum teleportation is the transfer of an unknown quantum state between both sides of the communication。 In this paper we will briefly introduce the two methods, and analysis them in a comparative way。源Q于W优H尔J论K文M网WwW.youeRw.com 原文+QQ75201.,8766

Keyword: quantum communication, quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation

目     录

摘    要 2

一、 引言 4

二、 量子通信的量子物理基础 5

三、 量子密钥分配 5

四、 量子隐形传态 7

五、 量子密钥分配和量子隐形传态的比较 10

六、 有关量子通信的误解 10

七、 结束语 11

参考文献 12

致谢