波尔共振仪的改进研究与制作
关键词 波尔共振仪 性能分析 阻尼系数 数据处理 微分方程
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title The improved research and production of Pohl resonator
Abstract
Pohl resonator is the instrument of the university physics experiment for the study of forced vibration and resonance, mainly for research amplitude frequency characteristic and phase frequency characteristic in forced vibration. The laboratory existing Pohl resonators used five or six years have obvious errors. Scroll spring on the instrument, damping and motor settings have not the same standard, have obvious differences between instruments, its consistency is poor. Through the analysis, we can discover that the linearity and symmetry of the scroll springs, damping settings and the motor speed is stable or not，and the instrument calibration will directly cause significant impact on the experimental results. As for the common phenomenon of the Pohl resonator in the degree of differentiation of the phase frequency response curve is not enough, we can find that the damping ratio is the key factors of the phase-frequency characteristic curve discrimination through analysis.
Keywords Pohl resonator Performance Analysis Damping coefficient Data processing Differential equation
目录
1 绪论 2
1.1 共振 2
1.1.1共振现象(典故) 2
1.1.2共振的应用与危害 2
1.2波尔共振仪实验原理 3
1.2.1相关概念 3
1.2.2理论分析 3
1.2.3理论图像 4
2 仪器性能分析 5
2.1一致性 5
2.1.1自由振荡 5
2.1.2阻尼振荡 11
2.1.3受迫振动 15
2.2改进分析 19
2.2.1阻尼系数 19
2.2.2涡旋弹簧 22
3结论 25
致谢 26
参考文献 27
附件1 实验仪器 28
附件2 实验数据及问题 28
附件3 各仪器间比较 52
1 绪论
波尔共振仪是大学本科实验中用于研究机械共振的实验仪器，主要用于研究受迫振动的幅频特性与相频特性。本次课题的研究对象就是大学物理实验室中现有的十八台波尔共振仪，从仪器分析评价出发，寻找实验仪器中对实验内容具有关键影响的因素，从而针对这些因素进行一系列的研究，进而为仪器的改进提供真实可靠的依据，也是为今后样机的设计提供一定的依据。
1.1 共振
系统受外界激励，作强迫振动时，若外界激励的频率接近于系统频率时，强迫振动的振幅可能达到非常大的值，这种现象就叫做共振[1]。共振是物理学上运用频率极高的一个专业术语。共振不仅在物理学上运用频率非常高，而且，共振现象也可以说是一种宇宙间最普遍和最频繁的自然现象之一，所以在某种程度上甚至可以这么说，是共振产生了宇宙和世间万物，没有共振就没有世界[2]。