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摘 要德伯家的苔丝由托马斯•哈代著名的批判现实主义作家写在19世纪的英格兰之交之时，小说描述关于一个美丽的女孩先被人诱奸后又被抛弃的命运。本文的分析是什么原因导致了苔丝的悲剧。 在第一部分，笔者将给出一个很好的介绍德伯家的苔丝和作家托马斯•哈代的。在第二部分中，作者描述了社会环境，并开始为人物的性格分析和道德因素，在那个时候. 苔丝的悲剧人生是由人物自己的弱点造成的，因为她显然具有社会性质---抵抗与妥协的双重性.除此之外，社会和时间是苔丝的悲惨生活结果的其他重要原因。苔丝虽然参与了社会战斗，但作为一个普通的人，与当时社会的抗争是无益的,最终会像其他一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，被沦为社会的牺牲品。10964
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关键词:苔丝的悲剧;社会环境;道德伦理;性格
Abstract
Tess of the D’Urbervilles was written by Thomas Hardy who was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England. The novel describes a tragic life about a beautiful girl that is seduced by one man and desert by the other. This paper analysis what cause Tess’s tragic live. In the first part, the author will give a good introduction of Tess of the D’Urbervilles and its writer Thomas Hardy. In the second part, the author describes the society environment, and begins to analysis of characters’ personality and moral factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. Except this, society and it’s the result of that time is other important cause of Tess’s tragic life. Though Tess fought with the society, as a common person she is helplessly at that time. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic.
Key Words: Thomas Hardy; Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Moral ethic; Characters
Multi-angle Analyses of the Tragedy of Tess in Hardy’s Novel
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
Ⅱ. Social Tragedy of Tess 2
2.1 The Invasion of Capitalism in the Rural Areas 2
2.2 The Victims of Power and Violence 3
2.3 Traditional Ethics for Spiritual Destruction 4
2.3.1Legal Persecution of Tess 4
2.3.2 Tess, a Victim of False love 5
2.3.3Traditional Concept of Class Prejudice 6
2.4 From the Feminist Perspective 7
Ⅲ.Fatal tragedy of Tess 8
3.1 Fatalism and Pessimism Thoughts 8
3.2 The Crisis of Capitalism 9
3.3The Chances and Coincidences in Tess’s Fate 10
Ⅳ. Her Character 11
4.1 Her Resistance and Comprise 11
4.2 Innocent and Pure Heart 12
4.3 Her Rebel of Society 13
Ⅴ.Conclusion 14
Bibliography 15
Acknowledgements 16
I. Introduction
Tess of D’Urbervilles is most well known novel written by Thomas Hardy. He was born near Dorchester, in that area of southwest England where he was to make the “Wessex” of the novel (Wang 320) .Tess is beautiful, innocent peasant girl. Yet she is not free from the influence of social conventions and moral standards of the day. Tess is the daughter of a poor village. Under the pressure from her parents and in order to lighten the burden from the family, she decides to go to the rich family to claim kinship. There, lured by Alec, the young master of d’Urbervilles, she is seduced by this guileful person and made pregnant. With great shame, Tess returns to home and later gives births to a baby, who dies soon. she is then rejected by the society around her as a fallen woman. People’s gossips forced her to leaves home to work at a distant farm as a dairymaid. There he meet Angel, a clergyman’s son ,and then they fall in love with each other, on the wedding day, Angel makes a confession about his past dissipation and is forgiven by Tess, but when Tess reveals her past, he can not forgive her. He leaves for Brazil and that causes Tess to fall in the troubles again. With the great poverty of her family, Tess has to work under the hardest condition at farm. Then misfortunes heap upon her again: her father dies and her family is expelled from the cottage. To support her family, she is driven to go back to Alec, now a preacher. Angel returns from Brazil, being chastened and repented of his cruel treatment of Tess, but now Tess’s relation with Alec stops her from living with Angel happily. In anger and despair, she stabs Alec to death, the man who is the source of all her miseries. Then she was hanged for murder. Throughout her life, she experienced unusual pain. On the way to pursue the true love, she suffered discrimination and insult, eventually ended in tragedy.