2.2.1 Skopos Rule

According to Skopos rule, all translation activities should follow the first principle, "objective principles", that is, translation should play a role according to the way that the recipient of target language expects in the target language context and culture. The purpose translation activities achieved decides the whole translation process, which is result decides method. But translation activities can have multiple purposes, and these purposes can be further pided into three types: 

(1) Basic purpose of translators (such as living); 

(2) Communication purpose of translated context (such as enlightening readers);

(3) Using certain special translation methods to reach some purposes (such as to describe a grammatical specialty of certain language by using word-to-word translation according to structure). 

However, under normal circumstances, purpose refers to the communication purposes of translated context, namely "communication functions produced in the social and cultural context of the translators which have an influence on the target language reader ". (Venuti: 2001) Therefore, the translator should make sure the particular object in a given context of translation, and decide to use which method in accordance with this purpose -literal translation, transliteration, or something in between.来!自~优尔论-文|网www.youerw.com

2.2.2 Coherence Rule and Fidelity Rule

Coherence refers to a translation must conform to the standard of intra-textual coherence, that is, translation have both readability and acceptability, so that recipients understand and make sense in translated language culture and communication context of used translation text. 

Fidelity rule refers to original text and translated text should follow inter-textual coherence. This equivalent to so-called faithful to the original text in other translation theory, but to which extent it follows the original text and forms is determined by the purpose of translated and the understanding of translator on original text.