2。1。2 The Theoretical Basis of Cooperative Learning

The first point is social interdependence theory。 Social interdependence theory is the most important theory among all the theories about cooperative learning。 It comes about when people are affected by the actions of their own or the others。 There are three factors in cooperative classroom, they are cooperation, competition and inpiduals。 Inpidual goal should keep pace with group goal。 Realization of group goal depends on accomplishment of inpidual goals。 And each group member’s goal is able to achieve unless other group members’ goals are successfully achieved。

The second point is motivation theory。 According to Huang Xiting and Shao Ruizhen, motivation is a psychological tendency which can arouse and keep special action, and lead inpidual to act to a certain subject。 E。C。Tolman, the early representative of this theory, advanced the purposiveness of action which implies that the reason to people’s action is that they want something or want to avoid something annoying (E。C。 102-103)。 David Ausubel specified that the motivation and learning were complementary to each other。 Study can be improved by motivation, while motivation of study can also be enhanced by action and knowledge acquisition (Ausubel 28-29)。来:自[优E尔L论W文W网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-

The third point is developmental theory。 Developmental theory is stemmed from the basic assumption that interaction between children is helpful for them to master important concepts。 Children can develop well in the condition of communicating with companions。

Last but not least, teachers should design questions which are conductive to be discussed by the students during the whole cooperative learning process。 So the question and forms should be taken into consideration in this research。