According to the Skopostheorie, translation should follow three principles, the skopos rule of which is the highest principle。 Besides, translation should follow the principle of coherence and fidelity, that is to say, the whole content of the translation text should be coherent, and the target audience or reader can understand it。 The three principles hold that the translator should pay attention to the anticipated target of the translated version and use corresponding translation strategies based on different translation purposes。 The first principle to be followed in all translation is the skopos principle, which means translation should take place in the context and culture of the target language, in accordance with the way in which the recipient of the target language is expected。 Coherence principle refers to the need to comply with the standard of intratextual coherence。 The translated version must be intelligible and meaningful in the communication environment。 The relationship among the three principle is : fidelity principle is obedient to coherence principle and the two principle must be subordinated to the skopos principle(Huang 80)。 Nord revise the skopostheorie and put forward the loyalty principle, which requires the translator must be loyalty to the original text and the original author。 The translator should coordinate the purpose of the translated version and the intention of the author。 This belongs to a kind of interpersonal relationship。   

2。2 Studies on subtitle translation 论文网

     With the fast development of science and technology, subtitle translation study has become increasingly popular in our country as well as the western countries。 The study on the subtitle translation firstle catched on among the western scholars and they showed great interest in it, especially those from Europe。 

     In 1974, Dollerup published the paper on subtitle which is named On subtitles in Television Programmes, which generated widespread debate。 His paper centers on different kinds of errors occurring in translation of subtitles。 Later on, scholars began to pay more attention to subtitle translation than before。 In the 1980s, the Christophoer Tiford put forward the concept of “constrained translation” that is written in his book Subtiting: Constrained Translation, which exerted a profound influence on the later scholars。 In the 1990s, studies on subtitle translation become increasingly popular。 Two significant boooks were published, one is Overcoming Language Barriers in Television written by Luyken。 This book dealt with the different translation modes of language transfer。 In 1992, the book named Subtitling for the media written by Ivasson, a Swedish translator was published。 Its author’s working experience and rich knowledge has great influence on this book。 Gottlieb, one of the leading scholars in this field, laid emphasis on theory studies。 He has published many thesis on subtitle translation and made a great contribution to this field。 He talked about the definition and classification of subtitle translation, translation methods and so on。 Another famous scholar named Gambier contributed himself to theory studies of subtitle translation。 He suggested that the translators ought to focus on some issues that is relevant to subtitle translation。 He offered an excellent principle for other researchers。

     However, domestic film translation research is lag behind the western scholars。 And domestic film translation research mainly deals with title translation。 Li Guoshun(2008) once made a conclusion on Chinese dubbing film’s present theory situation。 Dong Haiya(2007) looked back on the progress and current situation of western film translation and bring in western researcher’s persification and its academic trends。 Zhangwei（2006）made an analysis on the spread of E-C translation of the early 20th century films。 Chai Meiping(2006) and Long Qianhong focused on domestic situation and pointed out current existed problems。 Professor Ma Zhenqi translated over 600 series and summed up five features of film translation。 Li Yunxing(2001) and Zhao Sumei(2006) respectively analyzed the feature of film subtitle and relative translation method and adopted literal, free and condensed translation method。  从目的论视角下谈动画影片的字幕汉译电影《超能陆战队》为例(3):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_200894.html