Optimization of safety evacuation scheme of a shopping mall based on Exodus

Abstract：With the improvement of people's demand for economy, material, consumption and culture, modern shopping malls began to shopping, leisure, entertainment and other multi-directional comprehensive development。 The shopping mall is large in scale, complex in use function, combustible, personnel-intensive, personnel mobility。 Once a fire occurs, it is easy to cause casualties and property losses。 For the moment, the evacuation plan in public buildings is unreasonable, and the evacuation plan is not drawn according to the standard。 The design for a shopping mall evacuation route optimization, personnel evacuation simulation is time-consuming and not easy to repeatedly, and has great randomness, so it can be used for large mall evacuation simulation software many times。 By comparing the design using Building Exodus software, the software is based on the human, human and fire, human and building structure of the interaction of the complex sub-model, through a series of simulation of evacuation, track record of each person's motion trajectory, resulting in a more comprehensive and detailed forecast results。 The simulation process is mainly composed of the following parts:

(1)Build the geometric model of the building to be simulated, create the node, set the safe exit, evacuate the staircase, obstacle and etc, determine the node attribute of each node。 In this mode, you can create the location of the identification system and the corresponding target gate or target Logo。

(2)Define a population, determine the personnel attributes, including physiological attributes, psychological attributes, empirical attributes and disaster impact attributes

(3)Define evacuation scenarios, including dangerous areas, corresponding fire data, the visible range of the logo, the attractiveness of the exit and the degree of openness

(4)In the simulation scenario, after setting the behavior, environment, route, marking system and other attributes, simulate and analyze the results。 The results reflect the evacuation time of the existing structure of the building, the number of evacuations and the time of each exit, the number of people passing through the census area, and more objectively reflecting the safe evacuation of the building under the present conditions。

Based on the construction of the mall geometric model, configuration of personnel evacuation, evacuation simulation according to the original plan, the evacuation of the results can be seen in the two layer 1, 2, 3 stairs and 4 existing congestion problems in different degree, and the south side of the first floor shops connected to the external export of low utilization rate, serious congestion at gate 1。 In the optimization design, through the study of evacuation routes, identification systems, the number of staff, the number of personnel and personnel behavior attributes, the impact of evacuation process。 After many simulations, the following conclusions are obtained:

(1)Software default evacuation route simulation can effectively improve the export of the south side of the mall, but the crowded situation on the second floor of the mall has not been significantly improved;

(2)At the more crowded exit, the presence of a staircase at the staircase may direct some of the personnel to a less congested exit to reduce evacuation time;

(3)The use of directional node simulation guide personnel it can effectively reduce congestion, but in the actual situation to guide the direction of personnel to follow the actual situation to change, guide personnel can not blindly Guide

(4)The more the number of personnel, the longer the evacuation time, prone to disputes, conflicts, stampede and other events, in order to control the number of staff within the mall, strengthen safety management to avoid accidents;

(5)Influence of staff behavior in the simulated conditions showed no obvious difference, but according to our actual experience can be drawn, people will exchange, and even conflict behavior in the actual evacuation, thus affecting the evacuation time, familiar with the structure of the mall evacuation quickly, it also can affect other personnel evacuation。