摘要平地机是一种以铲土刮刀为主，并且配有其他多种辅助作业装置，进行土壤的切 削、刮送和整平等作业的多功能、高效率的工程机械。平地机的刮刀更加具有灵活性， 它能连续改变刮刀的平面角和倾斜角，也可以横向伸出机体，因而使用范围比较广。 平地机被用于机场、公路、铁路等大面积场地的平整作业，也被用于路堤整形、林区 道路、农田整地的整修等作业，在我国的交通运输中起着至关重要的作用。83568

平地机的主要工作装置为刮土装置，而铲刀就是其最关键的零件。铲刀安装在机 架下方牵引架的回转圈上，回转圈可以在回转驱动装置驱动下绕着牵引架转动，从而 使得铲刀进行回转，完成平地机作业。

本文作者通过分析目前国内平地机装置，查阅相关的研究论文和书籍，选择最佳 的方案，重点研究工作装置的结构，对其进行详细计算，而且对其液压系统进行设计， 使得它满足工作要求。

本次毕业设计的目的是在对平地机工作原理了解的基础上，结合已有的平地机结 构，完成平地机后轮驱动的工作装置的总体方案设计、总体参数计算确定、工作装置 总成及零件设计。希望通过应用该模型使设计师在产品开发阶段就能对产品的性能作 出预测，缩短开发周期，降低开发成本。

毕业论文关键词：平地机、铲刀、后轮驱动、液压控制

Abstract Graders are a kind of multi-function, high efficiency engineering machine , which are equipped with a shovel blade mainly and any other equipments which having auxiliary working means for cutting soil, scraping and leveling。 Grader’s blade is more flexible, which is capable of changing the plane angle and tilt angle continuously, and also can extend laterally of the body。 Therefore, graders use in a broader scope。 Graders are used in airports, roads, railways and other large venues leveling operations, and also they are used in embankment shaping, renovation of forest roads, renovation of farmland soil and so on。 They play a vital role in our transportation。

The main mean of graders is scraper device and its blade is the most crucial part。 The blade is mounted on the inversion which is below the traction frame, the inversion can spin around the traction frame by the rotary drive means, so that leading to the blade turning around and the grader finally complete the job。

The author analyzes the current motor grader by means of relevant research papers and books to choose the best solutions。 I will focus on the structure of the working device, calculate it in detail and design its hydraulic system to meet graders’ requirements。

The purpose of this graduation project is based on the understanding of grader’s working principle and combined with the grader’s existing structure, to complete the overall design of the rear wheel drive motor grader working equipment, overall determining parameter calculation, working device assembly and part design。 I hope that designers will be able to make predictions on the performance of the product in the product development stage, shorten the development cycle and reduce development costs through this model。

Keywords: Graders ; Blade ; Rear-wheel drive ; Hydraulic control

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 研究背景及意义 1

1。2 国内外平地机研究现状及存在问题 2

1。3 研究内容 4

第 2 章 平地机总体方案设计 5

2。1 平地机的方案选择 5

2．2 总体参数的选择