几种杀菌剂控制小麦赤霉病的协同作用研究
毕业论文关键词：杀菌剂；小麦赤霉病菌；生长速率法；协同作用；
Study on Synergism of Several Fungicides
Abstract： 【Objective】 The aim of this to investigate synergistic reaction of control scab of wheat between Jinggangmycin and triazole fungicides.【Contents】 By mensurating synergistic reaction of Jinggangmycin，tebuconazole，metconazole，epoxiconazole，prochloraz and the composition of Jinggangmycin and other fungicides for restraining scab of wheat on culture-medium containing fungicides，to select composition with better synergism to further deal with wheat coleoptiles and analyse and estimate collaboration reaction that the fungicides control wheat scab after inoculating with condiospore of Fusarium graminearum and discuss united virulence effect.【Results】 All fungicides have inhibitory effect on the growing of Fusarium graminearum and their elimination ratio gradually increasing with the rising of fungicides compound concentration,among which prochloraz has the highest virulence for Fusarium graminearum；When Jinggangmycin mixed with a variety of fungicides，if the rate of various fungicides is different，the result of synergy is also different；The mixed fungicides on culture vessel containing culture-medium，which is better on the part of restaining the growing of Fusarium graminearum，is not likely to have the inhibition of wheat coleoptiles during experiment made on the living plant；During the experiment,，all mixed fungicides，which have preferably effects of synergism in vitro experiment，and do not represent effects of synergy in experiment made on the living plant.
Key words: Fungicides； Fusarium graminearum； growth rate method；effects of synergism；
目 录
摘要1
关键词1
Abstract1
Key words1
引言1
1材料与方法2-4
1.1供试材料 2
1.2试验方法 2-4
1.2.1含药梯度培养基的制备1
1.2.2 菌碟制备、接种和调查1
1.2.3温室防效实验3-4
1.3毒力测定 4
1.3.1单剂室内毒力测定4
1.3.2杀菌剂混配效果测定4
1.3.3数据处理与统计分析4
2结果与分析4-7
2.1离体生物测定4-6
2.1.1抑菌率4-5
2.1.2不同药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用5
2.1.3不同药剂配比对病原菌的联合毒力5-6
2.1活体生物测定6-7
3讨论 7
致谢7
参考文献7-8
几种杀菌剂控制小麦赤霉病的协同作用研究
小麦赤霉病是由镰刀属真菌引起的世界范围内的流行性病害[1]，我国主要发生在长江中下游冬麦区和东北春麦区。近年来，随着耕作制度的变更、肥水条件的改善和气候异常变化的加剧，小麦赤霉病在长江中下游冬麦区的蔓延速度、流行频度、危害程度有加重的趋势[2]。该病不但影响小麦产量还引起小麦子粒腐败变质，一般年份可造成减产一至二成，流行年份减产五至优尔成，甚至绝收[3]。赤霉病的流行不仅造成小麦严重减产[4]，而且收获的粮食也含有一种对人畜危害极大的病原毒素，单端孢霉烯族毒素（deoxynivalenol，DON）[5,6]，严重影响了小麦的品质与商品价值，1998 年国际癌症研究机构（IARC）公布的评估报告中，该毒素被列为第三类致癌物[7,8]。2012 年江汉平原由于小麦抽穗扬花至灌浆乳熟期降雨量、降雨日偏多，赤霉病发生严重，给农民带来巨大的经济损失。对于小麦赤霉病的防治，各地区尽管制定有配套的综合防治策略，但重点措施大多是在小麦抽穗扬花期进行药剂喷雾，而且首推使用多菌灵。 长期以来，由于多菌灵的广泛、单一使用，一些地区出现了抗药性赤霉菌菌株[9-12]，防治效果明显降低。继续使用多菌灵将面临防效降低、甚至丧失的潜在危险。因此，筛选防治赤霉病的杀菌剂替代品种，对有效防治赤霉病具有重要意义。