摘要：金针菇多糖对人体有多种保健功效，具有重要的开发价值。金针菇下脚料成本低廉，可提取金针菇多糖及活性炭。本实验主要研究金针菇下脚料利用热水浸提法提取金针菇多糖以及制备活性炭的工艺研究。通过单因子及SAS优化设计，获得了多糖提取最优条件：浸提温度100 ℃、pH为5.9、料液比为1:15、浸提时间3.47 h，多糖提取率达到42.65 mg/g，较未优化提高了3.8倍；通过单因子优化，获得了微波炭化制备活性炭的最适条件：50 % 的磷酸活化8 h、中火、炭化5 min，制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力达到81.22 mg/g，吸附率达到95.33 %。本论文研究为金针菇下脚料的资源化开发提供理论依据及技术支撑。68613

毕业论文关键词：金针菇下脚料；金针菇多糖；活性炭；提取

Abstract: Flammulina velutipees polysaccharides has great value on human healthy. The inferior Flammulina velutipees mushroom has the advantages of low-cost which can extract Flammulina velutipees polysaccharides and produce activated carbon. Through the single factor and SAS optimization design, the optimal polysaccharides extraction conditions were obtained: extraction temperature of 100℃, pH 5.9, solid to liquid ratio of 1:15, extraction time 3.47 hours. The polysaccharide extraction rate reached to 42.65 mg/g, which increased by 3.8-fold than that of un-optimization. Through the single factor optimization, the optimum activated carbon conditions by microwave were obtained: 50% phosphoric acid activating 8h, Medim fire carbonizating 5 min. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon to methylene blue was 81.22 mg/g, and the adsorption rate reached 95.33%. This thesis provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of the inferior Flammulina velutipee mushroom.

Keyword: inferior Flammulina velutipees; Flammulina velutipees polysaccharides ; active carbon; extraction

目  录

1 前言 1

1.1金针菇的研究进展 1

1.1.1金针菇的分布 1

1.1.2金针菇多糖的种类和功能 1

1.1.3金针菇多糖的利用现状及展望 1

1.2生物活性炭的研究进展 2

1.2.1活性炭的分类与开发研究进展 2

1.2.2食用菌下脚料作为生物吸附剂的研究进展 2

1.3实验思路设计 3

2 材料与方法 4

2.1材料 4

2.1.1 原料 4

2.1.2 试剂 4

2.1.3 溶剂 4

2.2 仪器 5

2.3 方法 5

2.3.1金针菇下脚料多糖的提取 5

2.3.2金针菇活性炭的制备与吸附性能测定 7

3 结果与分析 9

   3.1金针菇多糖提取工艺的优化 9

3.1.1不同pH对多糖提取的影响 9

3.1.2不同浸提时间对多糖提取的影响 9

3.1.3不同料液比对多糖提取的影响 10

3.1.4不同浸提温度对多糖提取的影响 11