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Firstly, the differential interference contrast microscope optical system principle is analyzed in detail, and a brief analysis of the microscopic structure of the optical drive. On the basis of existing microscope, the installation of the analyzer, polarizer, Nomarski prism. And in order to install these devices, the mechanical mechanism has been designed. Consider a variety of programs, and finally selected a relatively simple and practical approach.
Nomarski prism design is the key technology of differential interference contrast microscopy. Specifically, it is through the Wollaston prism to change some of the parameters, the coherent plane Wollaston prism is moved outside the prism, so that we can achieve the objective focal plane and coherent plane coincide, so that the differential interference contrast microscopy applied to high amplification magnification optical microscope. Nomarski prism because some of the core parameters such as the optical axis angle, wedge wedge angle, coherent flat position, beam angle interrelated, when some of the parameters change, along with the rest of the parameters will change accordingly. Based on these relationships, design formulas can Nomarski prism optical system structure detailed derivation. While using Matlab software to do its own procedures to calculate the specific design examples. According to the incident ray and coherent and coherent plane perpendicular to the plane of the objective lens focal plane coincides with the system criteria, build relationships between the parameters of the model prism. Finally, one group selected is suitable for the optical system Nomarski prism of its design parameters, and the processing of the prism. Got some high practical value conclusion is further differential interference contrast microscopy techniques to achieve quantitative measurements on cells of the foundation.
Keywords：differential interference contrast; Wallaston prism; beam angle; coherent plane; Matlab program
目次
摘要 1
Abstract 3
第一章 引言 5
1.1 Nomarski棱镜设计的背景 5
1.2 选题出发点和研究方向 7
1.3 研究工作与内容安排 7
第 2 章 Nomarski棱镜设计的基本原理 8
2.1 显微镜的基本原理 8
2.1.1 线偏振光干涉原理 8
2.1.2 线偏振光微分原理 10
2.1.3 光学系统原理 11
第 3 章 Nomarski 棱镜的设计 13
3.1 Nomarski 棱镜各参数 13
3.1.2 相干平面位置以及其影响因素 17
3.1.3 光程差的计算 19
3.2 设计参数相互关系分析 21
3.2.1 分束角的关系分析 21
3.2.2 相干平面倾角η、楔块楔角γ、光轴倾角δ彼此的相互影响 23
3.2.3 棱镜厚度与棱镜各参数之间的关系 23
3.2.4 入射位置与棱镜各参数之间的关系 26
第 4 章 棱镜具体实例以及后期加工设计 28
4.1 实例 28
4.2 棱镜加工要求 31
结论 33
致 谢 34
参考文献 35
第一章 引言
1.1 Nomarski棱镜设计的背景
Nomarski棱镜设计技术与其余双光束干涉显微技术相比，微分干涉相衬装置主要改进在于：两束光束都是通过物体参加干涉的，光束的细微分离量是因为 Nomarski 棱镜的 的剪切量(稍细微于显微镜的分辩极限)的平行光入射到被测表面时，在视场中看不见干涉条纹，通过对 Nomarski 棱镜进行调整会产生一定的程差，将这个位相变化转变为光强变化，视场中就会明显地出现具有立体感的浮雕成像。
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