摘  要：《诗经》作为我国现存最早的诗集，浓缩了我国古代人类的思维精华。本文主要对《玄鸟》和《生民》进行对比研究，主要从文化背景、图腾信仰、民族文化差异、内容差异、写作手法五方面展开讨论。《玄鸟》开篇介绍了玄鸟生商，继而展开以下写作，体现了母系氏族的社会背景；然而《生民》开篇先写周朝祖师，并且为了取得农业这个领域的技术发展一直努力。图腾、神话是流传于中国千百年文化中十分重要的文化元素，而在《玄鸟》中体现出来的是我们所不熟知的一种图腾——鸟图腾。透过《玄鸟》和《生民》我们可以了解到商与周在地域上有所不同，其次是在礼法、宗法上有所区别以及从原始的神的崇拜到脚踏实地注重人自身的认识的过程。玄鸟生商中可见生命神化和诗意神化，玄鸟代表着一种创造生命的符号，也是天与神结合而成的产物，是商民族繁荣发展的基础。并且通过将商周祖先赋予神的形象，运用赋比兴、象征的写作手法体现当时人类的社会环境以及对于帝王的尊敬。从不断地探求中发现《诗经》背后的深层文学意蕴。91550

毕业论文关键词：诗经；玄鸟；生民；文化

Abstract: As the earliest poems in China, the Book of Songs (Chinese name Shijing)  is a poetry including all the thoughts of ancient Chinese。 This paper mainly studies the "Xuanniao" and "Shengmin" from the following five parts: cultural background, totem belief, national cultural difference, contents and writing style。 "Xuanniao Shengshang" is the first part of "Xuanniao" laying the basis for the following writing, reflecting the social background of matriarchal clan, while, founder of Zhou Dynasty, was firstly introduced in "Shengmin", and then he made continuous efforts to improve agricultural technology。 Totem, myth were the most important cultural elements which spread in China for thousands of years, and "Xuanniao" demonstrated us a totem-bird totem which was not familiar for us。 We could understand from "Xuanniao" and "Shengmin" that there is difference in region for Shang and Zhou dynasties, as well as differences in rituals, patriarchal clan system, as well we could feel the transition from worship the original god to emphasis on human beings。 Life deification and poetic deification could be observed in Xuanniao Shengshang, Xuanniao represents a symbol of creating lives and itself a product of sky and god, as well is the prerequisite of prosperity of Shang dynasty。 The image of gods is empowered on ancestors of Shang and Zhou dynasties, it reflects the person’s respect for social environment and emperors by Fu Bi Xing and symbolism。 We could reveal the deep literature meaning behind the Book of Songs。

Key words: the Book of Songs; Xuanniao; Shengmin; culture 

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梁启超曾说过，现在拥有的一些古代先秦书籍，一些真迹假品都混在一起，而能够找出一本没有问题的、完全相信的、放在首位的便是《诗经》。它是具有悠久历史的一部关于诗歌的总集，诗歌形式是风、雅、颂这三大类，各部分都有自己独特的意蕴和内涵。《通志•总序》中描述：音乐的表现主要是以诗歌为主，诗歌的应用表现是声调，“风”代表着风俗民情方面，“雅”代表着宫廷独特的诗歌，“颂”代表着宗庙祭祀方面。仲尼编诗，为正乐也。以风、雅、颂之歌为燕享祭祀之乐。 [1]这应该是人们在《诗经》各部分进行的整体判定。《生民》和《玄鸟》一个是雅、一个是颂的部分，分别描述了周始祖弃和商始祖契生平经历的感生传说。诗歌中有关神话的叙述非常简单却给我们留下了很大的探索理念。