摘要本文研究是科学教材杠杆探究活动实验的改进，研究是一种以学生活动为主体、学生直观可以感受到、加深学生对于实验原理理解的探究性实验过程。通过实验的改进，将激发学生学习科学的兴趣、学会探究、完全掌握杠杆平衡原理等效果。75249

在确立改进目标的基础上，首先对学生直观感受杠杆动力的变化大小和力臂之间的关系做了改动，将教材探究活动中右端的砝码替换成一个弹簧秤，改由学生直接用手拉下弹簧测力计。同时在消除弹簧测力计自重上在杠杆左端也进行改动。其次，为了加深学生对于杠杆平衡原理和条件的理解，将杠杆右端认为加上一段向下倾斜的塑料尺，通过测力计在塑料尺上的移动，加深学生对原理理解记忆。

通过对于实验数据的有效分析，可以比较出实验改动前后的实验数据上的差异，从而能引起学生思维冲突，进而将冲突最终转化成为深刻的意义记忆。对于这个教具的使用效果，笔者认为虽然有待验证，但本文已从理论上分析了实验改进的效果和带来的变化。

This study is to improve the teaching of science experiments lever inquiry。 Research is a student body activities, students can feel intuitive and deepen inquiry experiment experimental principle for students to understand。 By improving the experiment, will stimulate students' interest in science, learn to explore, to fully grasp the lever balance principle and other effects。

On the basis of the establishment of improvement goals based on the relationship between the students first intuitive feeling lever arm and the dynamic changes in size between the changes made, it will replace textbooks inquiry into the right end of a spring balance weights, replaced by direct hand to pull students spring dynamo meter。While the elimination of the spring dynamo meter weight on the left end of the lever also changes。Secondly, in order to enhance students lever balance principle and conditions for understanding, right thought the lever downward plus some plastic ruler, moves through the dynamo meter on a plastic ruler, and deepen students' understanding of the principles of memory。

Through the effective analysis of experimental data, we can compare the differences between the experimental data before and after the experiment on changes, which can lead to students thinking conflict, and thus the conflict eventually transformed into a profound sense memory。For this effect aids, although I believe that to be verified, but this article from the theoretical analysis of experiments to improve the effectiveness and bring change。

毕业论文关键词： 科学实验； 探究实验； 杠杆； 

Keyword:  scientific experiment； investigative experiment；leverage；

目    录

摘    要 3

1 引言 6

2 正文 6

2。1科学实验探究背景 6

2。1。1国内科学实验的历史发展及现状 6

2。1。2国外科学实验的历史发展及现状 6

2。2现代中学科学实验探究过程 7

2。2。1科学实验探究的概念 7

2。2。2科学实验探究的主要步骤或要素 7

2。2。2。1观察： 7

2。2。2。2提出问题： 7

2。2。2。3提出猜想和假设： 7

2。2。2。4制定探究方案：