Yours faithfully 

    Through the above letter, the vital information, address of the new established branch is expressed clearly, and their intention to continue business are conveyed。 Their business relation is strengthened as well。 

Second, business letters can substantially reduce omissions or misunderstandings that may occur in interviews or telephone(梅德明2005: 88)。 As we all know, Business letters are written in the form of official documents。 Besides, for a long time, a relatively stable format has been developed, which can greatly reduce expressive errors compared with other communication forms。 Some details or terms about the discussed subjects can be exhibited clearly by letters。文献综述

Third, if business disputes occur between the two sides, business letters can also can also be an important legal evidence(梅德明2005: 88)。 Providing that business trades are made in spoken form, it is hard to clarify blaming and responsibility。 While written letters provide no chance to controversy about them。

III。 The Origin, Development and Main Rules of Skopos Theory

 As an approach to translation, Skopos Theory rose in Germany in the 1970s, which emphasize translators should do translation under the guidance of the function and practicality of the source texts, and adopt translation strategies correspondingly。

3。1。 The Origin and Development of Skopos Theory 

The development of Skopos Theory can be pided into three stages:

Katharina Reiss first mentioned functional translation theory in his book Possibilities and Limitations in Translation Criticis (1971)。 In this book, Reiss maintained that emphasis should be made on the function of the target text when translating, for with different textual functions, translation methods are different as well。 Functional text mainly has three kinds: expressive text, informative text, vocational text。 The expressive text is mainly made up of speeches, official documents given by students and party leaders, or scholarly works published by inpiduals, which is used to transmit some kind of thought。 The informative text mainly includes various announcements, regulations and legal documents issued by the government or agency。 Slogan is the most typical mode of the vocational text。 Functional translation theory emphasizes that the most accurate translation strategies and methods should be determined according to the function of the text。

Based on the theory of functional translation, Hans J。 Vermeer, a student of Katharina Reiss, Put forward Skopos Theory, holding that translation version should depend on the purpose of its source text。 Thus, translation studies was released from the bondage of source-text-oriented。 In addition, Vermeer also proposed translation must follow "intratextual coherence" and "intertextual coherence", but the highest principle of translation is still Skopos rule。来.自^优+尔-论,文:网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-

Justa Holz-Manttari and Christina Nord further developed Skopos Theory。 Holz-Manttari raised the theory of translational action, emphasizing that for readers, translation version is the transmission and communication with same function, as well as the interaction between people oriented by translation results。 Nord who pays more attention to the original text, systematically describes in English the internal and external factors that should be taken into account in the text analysis in translation as well as how to formulate translation strategies that correspond with the purpose of translation on the basis of the functions of the original text in her book, Translating as a Purposeful Activity－ Analysis of the Functional Translation Theory。 Nord comprehensively summarized and improved the functionalist theory, and especially emphasized that translators should follow " the principle of function and the principle of loyalty "。 "the principle of function " refers to the reflection of functions of the original text, while "the principle of loyalty " refers to the relationship between translators, original authors, readers and the translation initiators。 The principle of loyalty limits the range of the function of the target text, and increases the negotiation between translators and clients, which enable translators to translate in a broader social perspective。 Skopos Theory focuses on the relationship between the translator, the author and the reader。 The biggest advantage is that because of the different translation purposes, the same text will have different translation methods and translation versions。