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摘要： 多环芳烃属于持久性有毒物质，主要通过燃烧和工业生产等过程进入环境，在各类环境介质中广泛分布。它们具有很强的亲脂性，可以沿食物链逐级放大，最终进入人体，对人类造成健康危害。PAHs的人体暴露水平、降解途径以及由此产生的健康风险和作用机制引起了国际广泛关注，但我国在这方面的工作还处于起步阶段，对于妇女儿童等敏感人群的报道更少。上海作为人口密集的超大型城市，由城市化发展引起的环境问题和对人体健康的影响值得重视；本课题选取上海地区居民作为研究对象，通过问卷调查了解和推测影响PAHs人体负荷特征的环境因素；同时针对孕妇这一特殊人群，采用高效气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析技术研究了体内PAHs水平，并对可能的暴露源和影响因素进行了探讨。在本次检出的数据中，每项检出物中的数据相差较大，可能的原因就是：1.工作环境的不同，导致吸入空气中多环芳烃的量不同；2.个人生活习惯，吸烟，喝酒，或经常吃煎炸类食品。3.在住房的周边存在污染源，如煤气厂，汽油厂。PAHs对人类的潜在健康风险与其在环境以及人体中的负荷特征紧密相关，开展PAHs人体污染特征调查和深入研究具有一定的理论和现实意义。7045
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关键词： 多环芳烃；气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)；健康；暴露源
Environmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Abstract： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a class of typical persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the environment．The stability, lipophilicity and toxicity of the compound make it biomagnify up the food chain，and the threaten the health of human beings．Human exposure levels of PAHs，routes of biodegradation, impact mechanism and health risk assessment resulted from exposure to PAHs have attracted much attention．However, study of this field conducted in China is still at an elementary stage．As a group of sensitive people，the present study reported on the exposure of women or children to PAHs is even less. Shanghai is a large densely populated municipality．With the development of commercial process，the environmental problem and its adverse effect on human health become a hot issue．In this thesis，women especially pregnant were chosen as the study objects and their internal exposure to PAHs was detected by GC-MS．The potential exposure routes and the factors which may cause the variation of exposure levels were discussed．The difference of exposure levels between results and data reported in other regions were analyzed and the potential reasons were also studied．
Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; GC—MS; health; exposure routes
目录
1 绪论 5
1.1多环芳烃 5
1.2多环芳烃的研究动态 6
1.2.1 国外有关多环芳烃的研究 6
1.2.2 国内有关多环芳烃的研究 6
1.3 多环芳烃的污染来源 6
1.3.1环境中的多环芳烃 7
1.3.2室内空气中的多环芳烃 8
1.3.3人体健康与多环芳烃 8
1.4多环芳烃的环境行为特征 10
1.4.1 多环芳烃在生物体内富集 10
1.4.2多环芳烃的迁移转化与分布研究 10
1.5多环芳烃的毒理学特征及生态风险评价 11
1.5.1多环芳烃毒理学特征 11
1.5.2多环芳烃的生态风险评价 12
1.6 PAHs的分析方法 12
1.6.1 PAHs的分析方法 13
1.6.2方法总结 14
1.7课题研究目的及意义 14
2 实验试剂、材料和仪器设备 15